Environmental genotoxicity assessment along the transport routes of chemical munitions leading to the dumping areas in the Baltic Sea

Assessment of metal pollution impacts on Tilapia zillii and Mugil cephalus inhabiting Qaroun and Wadi El-Rayan lakes, Egypt, using integrated biomarkers

“…The results indicated maximum levels of genotoxic damage in site 1 compared with other sites. Untreated discharges could carry several genotoxic pollutants into aquatic ecosystems and may result in various levels of DNA damage ranged from the removal of damaged nucleotides to an increased DNA strand breaks (Baršienė et al 2016). High DNA damage in the liver and gills may be attributed to the excessive metal bioaccumulation in both fish tissues.…”

Synthesizing the impact of sea-dumped munition and related chemicals on humans and the environment

“…Such findings offer important insights into the largely unknown fate, behavior and toxicological impact of CWAs on aquatic organisms and humans (as fish consumers) (Niemikoski, Koske, et al, 2020). Further, field studies have reported genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in different fish species collected from chemical munition dumping zones in the Baltic Sea (Baršiene et al, 2014(Baršiene et al, , 2016 and in the Southern Adriatic Sea (della Torre et al, 2013). Straumer et al 2020 used liver histopathology (Straumer et al, 2020) and Ahvo et al 2020used biochemical biomarkers (Ahvo et al, 2020 of the Atlantic hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) as bioindicators of the effects of CWAs.…”

“…Regardless of its long historical background, little information is available on the impact of dumped conventional explosives, chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and munition components on human health and the marine environment, even though some of the compounds have been shown to have cytotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects (Tornero and Hanke, 2016;Sanderson et al, 2017). In fact, risk assessment and environmental toxicology have thus far mainly focused on fish (della Torre et al, 2010;Baršiene et al, 2014Baršiene et al, , 2016Sanderson et al, 2014). Moreover, the prolonged exposure of munition to seawater may not only increase the sensitivity of explosive material to detonate, as a consequence of the deterioration of the stabilizing compounds or recrystallization (Pfeiffer, 2012), but also corrode the munition shells causing breaches that allow the release of toxic chemicals to the environment (Bełdowski, Klusek, et al, 2016;Edwards et al, 2016;Silva and Chock, 2016;Jurczak and Fabisiak, 2017).…”