Environmental heterogeneity promotes individual specialisation in habitat selection in a widely distributed seabird

Trevail, Alice M.; Green, Jonathan A.; Bolton, Mark; Daunt, Francis; Harris, Stephanie M.; Miller, Peter; Newton, Stephen; Owen, Ellie; Polton, Jeff; Robertson, Gail; Sharples, Jonathan; Patrick, Samantha C.

doi:10.1111/1365-2656.13588

Cited by 29 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Similarly, rapid diversification of epiphytic ferns (accounting for ~10% of vascular epiphytes) also has likely benefited from the formation of modern rainforest (Schneider et al, 2004; Schuettpelz and Pryer, 2009; Du et al, 2021). Three‐dimensional structure of rainforests with the relatively closed canopy has provided diverse microhabitats that have a high degree of environmental heterogeneity (including abiotic factors, e.g., water and sunlight, and biotic factors, e.g., mycorrhizal fungi and pollinators) and probably have promoted divergences of organisms in rainforests (Cramer and Willig, 2002; Trevail et al, 2021; Ye et al, 2021). The heterogeneous microhabitats have probably strengthened the isolation among epiphytes and might have also accelerated the diversification of epiphytic vascular plants (Hernández‐Pérez et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2023

JIPB

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Orchidaceae (with >28,000 orchid species) are one of the two largest plant families, with economically and ecologically important species, and occupy global and diverse niches with primary distribution in rainforests. Among orchids, 70% grow on other plants as epiphytes; epiphytes contribute up to ~50% of the plant diversity in rainforests and provide food and shelter for diverse animals and microbes, thereby contributing to the health of these ecosystems. Orchids account for over two‐thirds of vascular epiphytes and provide an excellent model for studying evolution of epiphytism. Extensive phylogenetic studies of Orchidaceae and subgroups have ;been crucial for understanding relationships among many orchid lineages, although some uncertainties remain. For example, in the largest subfamily Epidendroideae with nearly all epiphytic orchids, relationships among some tribes and many subtribes are still controversial, hampering evolutionary analyses of epiphytism. Here we obtained 1,450 low‐copy nuclear genes from 610 orchid species, including 431 with newly generated transcriptomes, and used them for the reconstruction of robust Orchidaceae phylogenetic trees with highly supported placements of tribes and subtribes. We also provide generally well‐supported phylogenetic placements of 131 genera and 437 species that were not sampled by previous plastid and nuclear phylogenomic studies. Molecular clock analyses estimated the Orchidaceae origin at ~132 million years ago (Ma) and divergences of most subtribes from 52 to 29 Ma. Character reconstruction supports at least 14 parallel origins of epiphytism; one such origin was placed at the most recent common ancestor of ~95% of epiphytic orchids and linked to modern rainforests. Ten occurrences of rapid increase in the diversification rate were detected within Epidendroideae near and after the K‐Pg boundary, contributing to ~80% of the Orchidaceae diversity. This study provides a robust and the largest family‐wide Orchidaceae nuclear phylogenetic tree thus far and new insights into the evolution of epiphytism in vascular plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2023

JIPB

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“…Ultimately, growing citizen science data will likely form a major component of future understanding of species–environment relationships for both basic (Soroye et al, 2018) and applied (Hertzog et al, 2021) research. Since species differences may drive evolutionary and ecological change within biological communities (Trevail et al, 2021), citizen science data offers an excellent opportunity to further our understanding of variability in species–environment relationships and how it impacts species' responses to anthropogenic pressures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large‐scale spatial variability in urban tolerance of birds

Callaghan

Palacio

Benedetti

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Quantifying intraspecific and interspecific trait variability is critical to our understanding of biogeography, ecology and conservation. But quantifying such variability and understanding the importance of intraspecific and interspecific variability remain challenging. This is especially true of large geographic scales as this is where the differences between intraspecific and interspecific variability are likely to be greatest. Our goal is to address this research gap using broad‐scale citizen science data to quantify intraspecific variability and compare it with interspecific variability, using the example of bird responses to urbanization across the continental United States. Using more than 100 million observations, we quantified urban tolerance for 338 species within randomly sampled spatial regions and then calculated the standard deviation of each species' urban tolerance. We found that species' spatial variability in urban tolerance (i.e. standard deviation) was largely explained by the variability of urban cover throughout a species' range (R2 = 0.70). Variability in urban tolerance was greater in species that were more tolerant of urban cover (i.e. the average urban tolerance throughout their range), suggesting that generalist life histories are better suited to adapt to novel anthropogenic environments. Overall, species differences explained most of the variability in urban tolerance across spatial regions. Together, our results indicate that (1) intraspecific variability is largely predicted by local environmental variability in urban cover at a large spatial scale and (2) interspecific variability is greater than intraspecific variability, supporting the common use of mean values (i.e. collapsing observations across a species' range) when assessing species–environment relationships. Further studies, across different taxa, traits and species–environment relationships are needed to test the role of intraspecific variability, but nevertheless, we recommend that when possible, ecologists should avoid using discrete categories to classify species in how they respond to the environment.

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“…More recently, accumulating evidence demonstrates that individuals are also repeatable in their movement and spatial behaviors, forming “spatial-BTs” [ 10 , 17 ]. Examples include repeatable home-range behaviors [ 18 , 19 ], habitat use [ 20 , 21 ], or finer-scale movement indices like maximal daily displacement [ 22 , 23 ]. The growing interest in spatial-BTs is driven in part by the ever-improving ability to track more individuals at better resolution and accuracy, providing enough data on sufficient sample size to dissect the contribution of among-individual variation from other factors like background environments [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement predictability of individual barn owls facilitates estimation of home range size and survival

et al. 2023

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Background There is growing attention to individuality in movement, its causes and consequences. Similarly to other well-established personality traits (e.g., boldness or sociability), conspecifics also differ repeatedly in their spatial behaviors, forming behavioral types (“spatial-BTs”). These spatial-BTs are typically described as the difference in the mean-level among individuals, and the intra-individual variation (IIV, i.e., predictability) is only rarely considered. Furthermore, the factors determining predictability or its ecological consequences for broader space-use patterns are largely unknown, in part because predictability was mostly tested in captivity (e.g., with repeated boldness assays). Here we test if (i) individuals differ in their movement and specifically in their predictability. We then investigate (ii) the consequences of this variation for home-range size and survival estimates, and (iii) the factors that affect individual predictability. Methods We tracked 92 barn owls (Tyto alba) with an ATLAS system and monitored their survival. From these high-resolution (every few seconds) and extensive trajectories (115.2 ± 112.1 nights; X̅ ± SD) we calculated movement and space-use indices (e.g., max-displacement and home-range size, respectively). We then used double-hierarchical and generalized linear mix-models to assess spatial-BTs, individual predictability in nightly max-displacement, and its consistency across time. Finally, we explored if predictability levels were associated with home-range size and survival, as well as the seasonal, geographical, and demographic factors affecting it (e.g., age, sex, and owls’ density). Results Our dataset (with 74 individuals after filtering) revealed clear patterns of individualism in owls’ movement. Individuals differed consistently both in their mean movement (e.g., max-displacement) and their IIV around it (i.e., predictability). More predictable individuals had smaller home-ranges and lower survival rates, on top and beyond the expected effects of their spatial-BT (max-displacement), sex, age and ecological environments. Juveniles were less predictable than adults, but the sexes did not differ in their predictability. Conclusion These results demonstrate that individual predictability may act as an overlooked axis of spatial-BT with potential implications for relevant ecological processes at the population level and individual fitness. Considering how individuals differ in their IIV of movement beyond the mean-effect can facilitate understanding the intraspecific diversity, predicting their responses to changing ecological conditions and their population management.

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Environmental heterogeneity promotes individual specialisation in habitat selection in a widely distributed seabird

Cited by 29 publications

References 85 publications

Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism

Large‐scale spatial variability in urban tolerance of birds

Movement predictability of individual barn owls facilitates estimation of home range size and survival

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