Environmental impact investigation on the interlaminar properties of carbon fibre composites modified with graphene nanoparticles

Jarrett, William; Korkees, Feras

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124921

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The main factors that could have contributed to this reduction in the properties are the poor dispersion of graphene due to agglomeration within the composite and poor bonding of graphene with the epoxy in the composite which has been seen to be a common concern with the use of graphene in composites in other studies. [32,36,[43][44][45]51] Figure 6 shows that at all impact energies, the flexural modulus of both CFRP and CFRP/GNPs decreased by (33%-56%) and (62%-72%) after immersion in water and ethanol for around 2500 h, respectively. This reduction in the flexural properties of the material is caused by liquid molecules diffusing in the bulk of the polymers and the material through the microcracks and voids in the surface of the epoxy.…”

Section: Flexural Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A two-stage absorption behavior was reported by many researchers which was attributed to the polymer relaxation phenomenon. [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]36] It also shows that as impacted energy increased, water uptake also increased. This was seen in both CFRP and CFRP/GNPs samples at all energy levels tested.…”

Section: Water and Ethanol Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The addition of graphene to carbon fiber composite have been reported to improve the water uptake resistance by 43.9% but reduced the interlaminar shear strength after immersion in water by an average of 5.8%. [ 36 ] The effects of adding reinforcing nanoparticles on the fatigue and tensile properties of polymer composite was studied by Knoll et al [ 37 ] and Abu‐Okail et al [ 38 ] and improvements in both properties were observed. It was also reported that the addition of other nanoparticles into CFRP increased the composite strength and enhanced the weathering stability depending on the nanoparticles used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method has proven successful in drastically improving the strength, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), energy absorption, and toughness of CFRP. [36,48] Other nanocomposites have also seen improvements in these areas, such as functionalized graphene/nylon composites, [51] SWNT/polymer nanocomposites, [52] and phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide composites. [53] There is still, however, a gap in research and an opportunity to compare the residual flexural properties of carbon fiber composite with and without GNPs at various impact energies and environmental conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of moisture absorption and flexural performance of functionalized graphene modified carbon fiber composites under low energy impact

et al. 2023

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Composite failure due to in‐service low energy impact damage and moisture absorption is a major risk for these materials within aerospace, automotive and other engineering sectors. Deterioration in post‐impact flexural properties, and the tendency of thermosets to absorb moisture are some of the few drawbacks of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs). Adding graphene into the matrix is theorized to improve mechanical properties and reduce moisture uptake. This study evaluates the diffusion characteristics and flexural properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites modified with NH2 functionalized graphene (CFRP/graphene nanoparticle [GNPs]) before and after impact under various environmental conditions. Adding GNPs to CFRP decreased the flexural strength and modulus by 24% and 25% respectively before impact. After impact, the flexural strength and modulus decreased by 7.4%–23.6% and 37%–67%, respectively. For both composites after undergoing impact, the residual strength and stiffness were considerably reduced due to delamination and transverse cracking. Samples with graphene inclusion experienced a slower rate of ethanol and water diffusion, for both unimpacted and impacted samples, by 46.4% and 44.8%, respectively. Moisture uptake also reduced the flexural properties of both composites. Scanning electron microscopy revealed good dispersion but poor bonding of graphene to the matrix, which is believed to be the reason for property reduction.

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Section: Flexural Modulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Water and Ethanol Uptakementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of moisture absorption and flexural performance of functionalized graphene modified carbon fiber composites under low energy impact

et al. 2023

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“…In turn, the weakening of the fibre/matrix interface would promote the diffusion of water into the debonded area [ 46 ]. Jarrett et al [ 47 ] studied the interlaminar shear strength and glass transition temperature of a carbon fibre/epoxy composite after it was immersed in water at different temperatures until partially saturated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Hygrothermal and Salt Mist Ageing on the Properties of Epoxy Resins and Their Composites

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Epoxy and epoxide composites have a wide range of outdoor applications wherein they are affected by ageing. In this study, epoxy casting plates and epoxy-based composite rods for use in overhead conductors were prepared. A concurrent investigation concerning the ageing of epoxy resins and their carbon fibre composites was carried out via artificially accelerated experiments under hygrothermal and salt mist conditions. The moisture penetration along the depth, water absorption, appearance, hardness, density of the epoxy resins, and variation patterns of the impact strength and tensile strength of the epoxy-based composites were investigated. The ageing mechanisms were explored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both ageing modes had essentially similar influences on the properties of the resins and their composites; moreover, they did not significantly affect the chemical structure and microstructure of the epoxy resin, with the physical adsorption of water primarily observed during the ageing process. The moisture absorption behaviour of the epoxy obeyed Fick’s law. Although the water penetration rate in the salt mist ageing mode was slightly higher than that in the hygrothermal ageing mode during the early ageing stage, it was essentially the same during the later stage. The final moisture absorption rate at saturation was approximately 1.1% under both modes. The flexural strengths and impact strengths of the composites in both ageing modes followed a similar trend. They decreased gradually with the ageing time and then stabilized at almost the same value. The flexural strength was reduced from 803 MPa to 760 MPa and the impact strength from 383 J/m2 to 310 J/m2, indicating a decrease of approximately 5.4% and 19%, respectively. The absorbed water during the ageing process caused micro-cracks at the interface between the fibres and resin, weakening the interfacial strength and reducing the mechanical properties of the composites.

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Assessment of the performance of aluminum, copper, and graphene nanometer fillers filled woven glass fiber/epoxy composites

Megahed,

Sakr,

Badawy

et al. 2024

J Polym Res

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This study embedded graphene nanoplatelet (GNP), nano-sized aluminum and copper in epoxy-reinforced woven glass fiber. The 0.5 wt% nanofillers were incorporated into epoxy resin. Nanofilled glass fiber/epoxy hybrid composite laminates were fabricated using the hand layup technique. Fillers were dispersed in an epoxy matrix via the ultrasonic processor. The influence of the inclusion of these nanofillers on the physical and mechanical performance of glass fiber/epoxy composites was studied. The resulting hybrid nanocomposites illustrated good characteristics when compared to control specimens. The graphene nanophased glass fiber/epoxy composite achieved the maximum improvement of 59.2%, 91.5%, 74.7%, and 100% in in-plane shear, fracture toughness, impact, and interlaminar shear strength, respectively. Additionally, glass fiber/epoxy filled with GNP behaved as the lowest seawater absorption. Control filled with 0.5 wt% GNP showed strong fiber/matrix interfacial bonding in scanning electron microscopy images after being subjected to a fracture toughness test.

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Environmental impact investigation on the interlaminar properties of carbon fibre composites modified with graphene nanoparticles

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Characterization of moisture absorption and flexural performance of functionalized graphene modified carbon fiber composites under low energy impact

Characterization of moisture absorption and flexural performance of functionalized graphene modified carbon fiber composites under low energy impact

Effects of Hygrothermal and Salt Mist Ageing on the Properties of Epoxy Resins and Their Composites

Assessment of the performance of aluminum, copper, and graphene nanometer fillers filled woven glass fiber/epoxy composites

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