Environmental Impact of a Mono-Material Timber Building Envelope with Enhanced Energy Performance

Abstract

Broader adoption of timber construction is a strategy for reducing negative greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions created by the construction industry. This paper proposes a novel solid timber building envelope that uses computational design and digital fabrication to improve buildings’ energy performance. Timber beams are sawn with deep slits that improve thermal insulation and are milled with various joints for airtight, structural connections. To minimize embedded energy and to simplify disposal, the envelope is assembled without adhesives or metal fasteners. The building envelope is evaluated for thermal resistance and airtightness, and fabrication is evaluated for duration and power output during sawing. Finally, a Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) is carried out. The Global Warming Potential (GWP) is compared to that of other wood envelope systems with similar thermal conductance. Compared to other timber constructions with similar building physics properties, the proposed system showed lower GWP values (−15.63 kg CO2 eq./m² construction). The development and analysis demonstrate the potential to use digitally controlled subtractive manufacturing for improving the quality of solid timber to achieve higher environmental performance in building envelopes. However, further design and fabrication optimizations may be necessary to reduce required materials and production energy.

Bibliometric Review of Prefabricated and Modular Timber Construction from 1990 to 2023: Evolution, Trends, and Current Challenges

“…Despite the recent release of a standard by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which provides general rules for integrating design for disassembly and adaptability (principles of circular economy) into the service life of structures [87], few studies have, thus far, presented innovative solutions and designed buildings that fully address these strategies. From the literature content analysis focusing on connections and building envelope systems (as was established before, they are critical elements in the design and construction of prefabricated and modular timber structures), one study stands out as it introduced a novel reversible mass timber connector for prefabricated systems [88] while another explored the design and construction of fully prefabricated façade components to reduce materials and production energy [89].…”