Environmental impact of amines

Eide-Haugmo, Ingvild; Brakstad, Odd Gunnar; Hoff, Karl Anders; Sørheim, Kristin Rist; Silva, Eirik Falck da; Svendsen, Hallvard F.

doi:10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.170

Cited by 123 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Furthermore, dimethylamino groups are a common structural feature of hypergolic fuels [20]. Small amines also play an important role during the treatment of fish waste and its energetic use [21][22][23]. Only few early investigations of the combustion of these compounds are available, however [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel-nitrogen conversion in the combustion of small amines using dimethylamine and ethylamine as biomass-related model fuels

Lucassen

Zhang

Warkentin

et al. 2012

Combustion and Flame

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Laminar premixed flames of the two smallest isomeric amines, dimethylamine and ethylamine, were investigated under one-dimensional low-pressure (40 mbar) conditions with the aim to elucidate pathways that may contribute to fuel-nitrogen conversion in the combustion of biomass. For this, identical flames of both fuels diluted with 25% Ar were 2 studied for three different stoichiometries (Φ=0.8, 1.0, and 1.3) using in situ molecular-beam mass spectrometry (MBMS). Quantitative mole fractions of reactants, products and numerous stable and reactive intermediates were determined by electron ionization (EI) MBMS with high mass resolution to separate overlapping features from species with different heavy elements by exact mass. Species assignment was assisted by using single-photon vacuum- We attempted to analyze the major pathways in the two flames with a detailed combustion model developed for this purpose. For this, thermochemical values for a number of intermediates had to be determined from quantum chemistry calculations. Also, specific sets of reactions were incorporated for the two fuels. While many trends seen in the experiments can be successfully reproduced by the simulations, additional efforts may be needed to reliably describe the fuel-nitrogen chemistry in the combustion of biomass-related model fuels with amine functions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel-nitrogen conversion in the combustion of small amines using dimethylamine and ethylamine as biomass-related model fuels

Lucassen

Zhang

Warkentin

et al. 2012

Combustion and Flame

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show abstract

“…Based on this, four categories has been identified: "black" contains products which must not be discharged, "red" comprises chemicals which shall be phased out or replaced, "yellow" correspond to products which are acceptable, while "green" includes products that have no environmental impacts . Due to their low biodegradability [17,18], numerous amine-based solvents such as N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and aMDEA are classified as red and are to be phased out. However, the Norwegian classification identifies other solvent options such as N,N-dimethylethanolamine (DMMEA) as yellow .…”

Section: Impact Of Current and Future Regulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-criteria analyses of two solvent and one low-temperature concepts for acid gas removal from natural gas

Roussanaly

Anantharaman

Lindqvist

2014

Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering

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This paper evaluates three acid gas removal concepts studied in the project "A Green Sea". Two solvent concepts (aMDEA/MDEA and Selexol) and a low-temperature concept are modeled and assessed, taking different raw natural gases and natural gas product requirements into consideration. The analyses and comparisons of the concepts and cases consider nine criteria in order to include both energy efficiencies and compactness. The assessment shows that acid gas removal using aMDEA/MDEA technology seems to perform well in terms of energy efficiency, volume and weight for low CO 2 removal. However, for high CO 2 content or strong polishing requirements, the chemical solvent technology loses its efficiency in terms of weight and volume. The assessment shows that the Selexol concept is an inefficient option in terms of energy efficiency, volume and weight, especially when large quantities of CO 2 have to be removed from the gas stream. The assessment also shows that the low-temperature technology can be a compact and energy efficient option, both in the case of strong polishing requirements and high bulk removal of CO 2 . However, the higher the amount of CO 2 to be removed, the less energy-efficient is the low-temperature technology. The case evaluation underlines the fact that the aMDEA/MDEA solvent concept exhibits the best or close to the best key performance indicators (KPIs) for all parameters for the RNG1 Pipe case (raw natural gas specification 1 to pipeline quality specification) and therefore appears to be the best technology option. For this case, the two other technologies are slightly less energy-efficient than the aMDEA/MDEA, but both are significantly less compact. For the RNG1 LNG (raw natural gas specification 1 to LNG quality specification) case, the aMDEA/MDEA and low-temperature concepts have similar KPIs. The chemical solvent technology, however, is slightly more energy-efficient and compact and would therefore be preferred for the RNG1 LNG case. Finally, the RNG2 Pipe (raw natural gas specification 2 to pipeline quality specification) case shows that the low-temperature technology can be a compact option for acid gas removal, which is a critical factor in the case of offshore applications for both the equipment costs and the weight constraints on the platform. Despite its lower energy efficiency, it is therefore likely that the low-temperature technology will be selected in the RNG2 Pipe case. This choice is strengthened by some regulations which recommend that solvents such as MDEA and aMDEA should be phased out for offshore applications, as is seen e.g. in Norway. In addition, if stricter regulations are also enforced for onshore applications, this might also argue in favor of the low-temperature technology or other chemical solvents that are otherwise less efficient than aMDEA/MDEA. Finally, the potential of hybrid concepts is discussed and suggested for future works, in order to combine the advantages of the different technologies, such as the energy-efficient performances of the aMDEA/MD...

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“…The feed MEAw contains recalcitrant chemicals, for example corrosion inhibitors that are slowly or nonbiodegradable and that may also inhibit microbial growth (Eide-Haugmo et al, 2009). A commonly used non-competitive inhibition function was applied in the extended ADM1 to account for the possible toxic effects on acetoclastic methanogenesis due to inhibition from the input MEAw and/or its degradation products (I M EAw , Table. 3) (Wang et al, 2013b(Wang et al, , 2014.…”

Section: Inhibition Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and simulation of lab-scale anaerobic co-digestion of MEA waste

Wang¹,

Hovland²,

Bakke³

2014

MIC

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Anaerobic digestion model No.1 (ADM1) was applied and expanded in this study to model and simulate anaerobic digestion (AD) of an industrial carbon capture reclaimer MEA (monoethanolamine) waste (MEAw) together with easily degradable organics. The general structure of ADM1 was not changed except for introducing state variables of MEA and complex organics (CO) in the waste and biochemical reactions of MEA uptake and CO hydrolysis in the model ADM1 MEAw. Experimental batch test results were used for calibrating kinetics variables. The obtained kinetics were employed in the ADM1 MEAw to simulate semi-continuously fed experimental test for 486 days at room temperature (22 ± 2 o C). The validation results show that the ADM1 MEAw was able to predict the process performance with reasonable accuracy, including process pH, biogas generation and inorganic nitrogen concentrations, for a wide range of feed scenarios. Free ammonia inhibition, was observed to be the main inhibitory effects on acetoclastic methanogenesis, leading to volatile fatty acids (VFA) accumulation at high loads. Inhibition assumed to be caused by potentially toxic constituents of MEAw appears to be much less important than ammonia, suggesting that such constituents were broken down by AD.

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Environmental impact of amines

Cited by 123 publications

References 2 publications

Fuel-nitrogen conversion in the combustion of small amines using dimethylamine and ethylamine as biomass-related model fuels

Fuel-nitrogen conversion in the combustion of small amines using dimethylamine and ethylamine as biomass-related model fuels

Multi-criteria analyses of two solvent and one low-temperature concepts for acid gas removal from natural gas

Modeling and simulation of lab-scale anaerobic co-digestion of MEA waste

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