Environmental impact of the acid fumarolic plume of a passively degassing volcano (Vulcano Island, Italy)

Fulignati, Paolo; Sbrana, Alessandro; Clocchiatti, R.; Luperini, W.

doi:10.1007/s00254-005-0158-0

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Fumarolic plumes of passively degassing volcanos are strongly involved in the deposition and redistribution of metals and trace elements (Fulignati et al, 2006). Degassing volcanoes have a potentially large effect on the natural background aerosol loading and the radiation budget of the atmosphere (Schmidt et al, 2012;Oppenheimer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous aerosol in degassing plumes of Mt. Etna and Mt. Stromboli

Shcherbakov¹,

Jourdan²,

Voigt³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Aerosols of the volcanic degassing plumes from Mt. Etna and Mt. Stromboli were probed with in situ instruments on board the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfahrt research aircraft Falcon during the contrail, volcano, and cirrus experiment CONCERT in September 2011. Aerosol properties were analyzed using angular-scattering intensities and particle size distributions measured simultaneously with the Polar Nephelometer and the Forward Scattering Spectrometer probes (FSSP series 100 and 300), respectively. Aerosols of degassing plumes are characterized by low values of the asymmetry parameter (between 0.6 and 0.75); the effective diameter was within the range of 1.5-2.8 µm and the maximal diameter was lower than 20 µm. A principal component analysis applied to the Polar Nephelometer data indicates that scattering features of volcanic aerosols of different crater origins are clearly distinctive from angular-scattering intensities of cirrus and contrails. Retrievals of aerosol properties revealed that the particles were "optically spherical" and the estimated values of the real part of the refractive index are within the interval from 1.35 to 1.38. The interpretation of these results leads to the conclusion that the degassing plume aerosols were porous with air voids. Our estimates suggest that aerosol particles contained about 18 to 35 % of air voids in terms of the total volume.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porous aerosol in degassing plumes of Mt. Etna and Mt. Stromboli

Shcherbakov¹,

Jourdan²,

Voigt³

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…Gaseous emissions from persistently degassing volcanoes are known sources of trace metals to the atmosphere (Nriagu 1989;Hinkley et al 1999;Mather et al 2003) which, in many cases, may have important environmental consequences (Varrica et al 2000;Fulignati et al 2006;Watt et al 2007). Particular emphasis has been given in recent years to the assessment of mercury (Hg) release from subaerial volcanism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New clues on the contribution of Earth’s volcanism to the global mercury cycle

et al. 2010

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Active volcanoes are thought to be important contributors to the atmospheric mercury (Hg) budget, and this chemical element is one of the most harmful atmospheric pollutants, owing to its high toxicity and long residence time in ecosystems. There is, however, considerable uncertainty over the magnitude of the global volcanic Hg flux, since the existing data on volcanogenic Hg emissions are sparse and often ambiguous. In an attempt to extend the currently limited dataset on volcanogenic Hg emissions, we summarize the results of Hg flux measurements at seven active open-conduit volcanoes; Stromboli, Asama, Miyakejima, Montserrat, Ambrym, Yasur, and Nyiragongo.. Data from the domebuilding Soufriere Hills volcano are also reported. Using our determined mercury to SO 2 mass ratios in tandem with the simultaneously-determined SO 2 emission rates, we estimate that the 7 volcanoes have Hg emission rates ranging from 0.2 to 18 t yr -1 (corresponding to a total Hg flux of~41 t·yr -1 ). Based on our dataset and previous work, we propose that a Hg/SO 2 plume ratio~10 -5 is bestrepresentative of gas emissions from quiescent degassing volcanoes. Using this ratio, we infer a global volcanic Hg flux from persistent degassing of~95 t·yr -1 .

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“…Young lavas like those of Kilawea Volcano (Hawai'i) frequently show an opaque surface coating composed of amorphous silica and Fe-Ti oxides (Chemtob and Rossman, 2014). Moreover, hydrous amorphous silica is formed as a product of incongruent chemical weathering of basalt glass and basalt-associated minerals (Gordon and Dorn, 2005;Fulignati et al, 2006;Prinsloo et al, 2010).…”

Section: Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemistry and mineralogy of a complex sedimentary deposit in the alkaline volcanic Lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria Island, south Mediterranean)

Cangemi

Madonia

Speziale³

2018

J Limnol

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Specchio di Venere is a peculiar, ambient temperature, geothermal, alkaline lake, with lake water oversaturated in carbonate phase where siliceous stromatolites actively grow despite the undersaturation of silica phases. The most of the main sedimentary structures of this lake have been investigated in recent years, with the exception of the carbonate bank running along the southwestern margin of the lake, which is the object of this study. Here we report on the mineralogical and geochemical characterisation of the carbonate bank, based on the study of two cores taken in the area mostly affected by the circulation of fluids of different origin. The ultimate results of our study suggest that silica gel deposits form inside the carbonate bank, following an Alkali-Silica Reaction. These new findings complete the general overview on the sedimentary processes acting in a Lake Specchio di Venere, whose origin is sometimes chemico-physical and sometimes strongly conditioned by microbial activity.

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Environmental impact of the acid fumarolic plume of a passively degassing volcano (Vulcano Island, Italy)

Cited by 24 publications

References 52 publications

Porous aerosol in degassing plumes of Mt. Etna and Mt. Stromboli

Porous aerosol in degassing plumes of Mt. Etna and Mt. Stromboli

New clues on the contribution of Earth’s volcanism to the global mercury cycle

Geochemistry and mineralogy of a complex sedimentary deposit in the alkaline volcanic Lake Specchio di Venere (Pantelleria Island, south Mediterranean)

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