Environmental impact of the reported chromatographic methods for the determination of the first FDA-Approved therapy for COVID-19 Patients, Remdesivir: A comparative study

Ahmed, Amal B.; Gamal, Mohammed; Naguib, Ibrahim A.; Ali, Hazim M.; Abdallah, Fatma F.

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2022.107242

Cited by 33 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In the literature [ 4 , 6 , 18 , 19 , 20 ] and international standards [ 21 , 22 , 23 ], there are many methods for the determination of FAs in a milk sample. Typically, FAMEs are quantified by GC following the multi-step sample preparation procedure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Environmental Impact of Selected Methods for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Milk Samples

Narloch

Wejnerowska

2022

Molecules

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Determination of the fatty acid profile in milk samples is one of the most important in food analysis. There are many methodologies for FA determination. The conventional procedure for determining the FA composition of milk is isolation of fat or indirect methylation, trans-methylation, extraction of fatty acids, and analysis by gas chromatography. In this study, eight methods based on alkaline methylation were compared for the analysis of fatty acids in cow’s milk. The response factors (RF) for GC analysis using FID were calculated. For most acids, RFs were close to 1, with the exception of short-chain fatty acids (C4:0–C8:0). To facilitate the selection of the method for the determination of fatty acids in milk samples, the methods were assessed using the environmental assessment tools of the analytical procedure: the Analytical Eco-Scale, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), and Analytical Greenness for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep). The method based on direct milk methylation received the highest scores. Omitting the lipid separation step has an impact on reducing the quantity of used toxic chemicals and reagents, and produces a smaller amount of waste, a much higher throughput, and a reduced cost analysis.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Environmental Impact of Selected Methods for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Milk Samples

Narloch

Wejnerowska

2022

Molecules

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“…AGREE approach is simple and reliable for the assessment of eco-friendly characters of the analytical method [ 19 , 21 , 36 – 43 ]. The final greenness numerical value was 0.63 with a relatively pale green color inside the pictogram as demonstrated in Additional file 1 : Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A validated LC–MS/MS method for analysis of Cabergoline in human plasma with its implementation in a bioequivalent study: investigation of method greenness

et al. 2022

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Cabergoline (CAB) is effective prolactin lowering drug. Evaluation of the bioequivalence for the new test product (0.5 mg CAB film-coated tablets) in Egypt is strongly needed for approval of the drug by the official health authority. Therefore, a highly sensitive and rapid (LC–MS/MS) method was validated for CAB analysis in human plasma. CAB was extracted from plasma via diethyl ether using Quetiapine (QUE) as an internal standard. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) in positive ion mode was used, m/z 452.3 → 381.2 for CAB and 384.2 → 253.1 for QUE. Separation was accomplished on a reversed-phase C18. FDA procedures for the bio-analytical method were followed. The method was used in the bioequivalence study to compare the test product (0.5 mg CAB) versus Dostinex tablets, on 24 healthy Egyptian volunteers. The total analysis time was 5.5 min for each sample which permits analysis of various samples per day. The linearity range was from 2.00 to 200.00 pg/mL for CAB. LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.5 and 1.6 pg/mL, respectively. The final greenness numerical value was 0.63 using AGREE tool. The results of pharmacokinetic parameter Tmax were 2.17, and 2.33 h; for test and reference products, respectively. The generic formulation of test product is considered bioequivalent to the reference product Dostinex 0.5 mg tablets and satisfies the requirements of the Egyptian market. The merits of the method over the previous published methods are low cost; availability of cheap internal standard; rapidness; use of acetonitrile-free solvents mobile phase.

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“…Remdesivir is a broad-spectrum nucleotide prodrug with an adenosine analogue [26] that is also effective against a wide range of endemic, emerging, and enzootic coronaviruses (CoV) [27,28]. These prodrugs are often more cellularly permeable and are metabolised to release nucleosides or phosphorylated nucleosides [29,30].…”

Section: Pharmacodynamics Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Pharmaceutical Analytical Profile of an Antiviral Drug: Remdesivir

SANDEEP¹,

ILANGO²

2022

Journal of Pharmaceutical Negative Results

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Remdesivir is a prodrug that works by imitating the nucleoside adenosine. It is an antiviral medication that has been used to treat the coronavirus. Given the severity of the condition, the medicine is critical to the therapy and accompanying research. Remdesivir is extremely important as a medicinal dose form. Remdesivir has been used with other medications in the following combinations: Remdesivir and Dexamethasone, Remdesivir and Tocilizumab, and Remdesivir and Ivermectin. To aid future study, the paper also gives a simultaneous and comparative review of the analytical investigations published in the literature for a pharmacological estimate. The extensive literature searches turned up a plethora of study publications. A complete explanation of common, hyphenated, and unique ways of analysis is given. Remdesivir analytical quantification is provided using HPLC, LCMS, UV-Visible spectroscopy, and fluorescence.

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Environmental impact of the reported chromatographic methods for the determination of the first FDA-Approved therapy for COVID-19 Patients, Remdesivir: A comparative study

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 33 publications

References 30 publications

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Environmental Impact of Selected Methods for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Milk Samples

Comparison of the Effectiveness and Environmental Impact of Selected Methods for the Determination of Fatty Acids in Milk Samples

A validated LC–MS/MS method for analysis of Cabergoline in human plasma with its implementation in a bioequivalent study: investigation of method greenness

A Review on the Pharmaceutical Analytical Profile of an Antiviral Drug: Remdesivir

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