Environmental Impact on Groundwater of Maheshwaram Watershed, Ranga Reddy District, Andhra Pradesh

Abstract

Maheshwaram watershed is situated in Ranga Reddy district of at a distance of about 30 km south of Hyderabad. The watershed has an area of 53 km 2 and has hard rock aquifers with semi-arid climate. The study area has been expanding at a fast pace and now has the distinction of being one of the fastest growing urban centers, facing the problem of groundwater depletion and quality deterioration due to the absence of perennial source of surface water and also due to over exploitation. Human activities involving industrial and agricultural development and the inadequate management of land and water resources have, directly or indirectly resulted in the degradation of environment viz. water and soil.In the present study chemical analysis of groundwater samples of the study area, collected in pre-and post-monsoon has been carried out. The analysed data is utilized to characterize the hydro chemical process dominant in the area. Various classification methods such as Piper, Back and Hanshaw, Wilcox, U.S. Salinity Laboratory are employed to critically study the geochemical characteristics of groundwater.

Maintenance of Environmental Sustainability Through Microbiological Study of Pharmaceutical Solid Wastes

“…Subsequently, most of the industries in developing countries like Bangladesh directly discharge tons of untreated or improperly treated effluents containing algal nutrients, non-biodegradable organics, heavy metals, and other toxicants into nearby lagoon, rivers, and streams [55,56]. Such contamination adversely affects the abiotic compartment such as sediments, aquatic ecosystems (fluctuations within temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and the biological oxygen demand levels), bioaccumulation, or biomagnifications in aquatic lives, and increased nutrient loads of the receiving water bodies [51,52,57,58]. The microbial load was nil in case of E. coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Pseudomonas spp.…”

Industrial Discharge and Their Effect to the Environment

“…In the study performed by Purushotham et al (2011) showed that about 28% of total hardness in the study site exceeded the desirable limits at 600 mg L -1 . Naturally, the water hardness is due to the presence of alkaline earths such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg).…”

“…The salts present in the groundwater influence the soil structure, permeability and aeration, which indirectly affect the plant growth. Study conducted by Purushotham et al (2011) showed high sodium conductivity (>1500 μs cm -1 ) around 17.5% of the groundwater samples and this probably due to high salinity in groundwater. Sodium concentration in irrigation water replaces calcium by the process of Base Exchange, therefore reduces soil permeability.…”

Qualidade Da Água Subterrânea Para Consumo Humano E Uso Agrícola No Sul Do Estado Do Espírito Santo

“…A salinização nas terras irrigadas é a principal causa de perda de produção, e tem impactos ambientais adversos. Condições salinas limitam severamente a escolha das culturas e afetam negativamente a germinação e o rendimento, reduzindo a atividade osmótica das plantas e interferindo na absorção de água e nutrientes do solo (PURUSHOTHAM et al 2011).…”