Environmental impacts and costs of woody Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) production and use — A review

Sunde, Kathrin; Brekke, Andreas; Solberg, Birger

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2011.05.008

Cited by 57 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…In a study by Xie et al, the simultaneous removal of H 2 S and COS at temperatures greater than 420 °C was favored by using Fe-supported CeO 2 [21]. Lower temperatures are favorable for the promotion of reaction (2). In the present study, Fe-supported activated carbon would promote reactions (1) and (2) even at temperatures less than 420 °C .…”

Section: Effect Of Steam On Simultaneous Removal Of Cos and H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 43%

“…Because the feed gas contained steam and H 2 , it is considered that Fe9 and Fe17 would promote reactions (1) and (2). Taking the H 2 S concentration after the breakthrough into account, the presence of steam would possibly lead to an increase in the number of adsorption sites for H 2 S. In a study by Adib et al [20], steam had an affinity with the functional group on the surface of activated carbon and was therefore likely to be condensed.…”

Section: Effect Of Steam On Simultaneous Removal Of Cos and H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Reaction (2) is promoted; however, the amount of H 2 O consumed as a result of the reaction would be negligible compared to the steam concentration (9 vol%) in the feed gas. It is therefore considered that for Fe9 and Fe17, steam is mainly consumed by a reaction different from reaction (2).…”

Section: Effect Of Steam On Simultaneous Removal Of Cos and H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Japan, approximately one hundred million kiloliters of transportable liquid fuels such as gasoline, diesel oil, and jet fuel are consumed annually. Among the conversion technologies for these liquid fuels, the primary focus recently has been on a biomass-to-liquid (BTL) process, which involves the production of syngas (CO + H 2 ) by biomass gasification, and of liquid fuels by a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reaction [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hot and Dry Cleaning of Biomass-Gasified Gas Using Activated Carbons with Simultaneous Removal of Tar, Particles, and Sulfur Compounds

et al. 2012

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This study proposes a gas-cleaning process for the simultaneous removal of sulfur compounds, tar, and particles from biomass-gasified gas using Fe-supported activated carbon and a water-gas shift reaction. On a laboratory scale, the simultaneous removal of H 2 S and COS was performed under a mixture of gases (H 2 /CO/CO 2 /CH 4 /C 2 H 4 /N 2 /H 2 S/ COS/steam). The reactions such as COS + H 2 → H 2 S + CO and COS + H 2 O → H 2 S + CO 2 and the water-gas shift reaction were promoted on the Fe-supported activated carbon. The adsorption capacity with steam was higher than that without steam. On a bench scale, the removal of impurities from a gas derived from biomass gasification was investigated using two activated filters packed with Fe-supported activated carbon. H 2 S and COS, three-and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and particles were removed and a water-gas shift reaction was promoted through the first filter at 320-350 °C. The concentrations of H 2 S and COS decreased to less than 0.1 ppmv. Particles and the one-and two-ring PAHs, except for benzene, were then removed through the second filter at 60-170 °C. The concentration of tar and particles decreased from 2428 to 102 mg Nm and from 2244 to 181 mg Nm −3 , respectively.

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Section: Effect Of Steam On Simultaneous Removal Of Cos and H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 43%

Section: Effect Of Steam On Simultaneous Removal Of Cos and H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Steam On Simultaneous Removal Of Cos and H 2 Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Hot and Dry Cleaning of Biomass-Gasified Gas Using Activated Carbons with Simultaneous Removal of Tar, Particles, and Sulfur Compounds

et al. 2012

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“…Taking the consumption of fossil fuels and CO2 mitigation, the conversion technology from biomass to hydrocarbon liquid fuels such as jet fuel is one of the most promising processes because biomass is the only renewable energy resource that can be converted to jet fuel, and the use of biofuels have potential for reducing CO2 emission [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation for Pt-Loaded Zeolite Catalysts Using w/o Microemulsion and Their Hydrocracking Behaviors on Fischer-Tropsch Product

et al. 2015

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Pt-loaded β-type zeolite catalysts with constant Pt content (0.11 wt.%) and similar pore structure were prepared using a water-in-oil (w/o) microemulsion. The effect of Pt particle synthesis conditions using microemulsion (a type of Pt complex-forming agents and the molar ratio of complex-forming agent to Pt 4+ ) on loaded Pt particle size was investigated. The Pt particle size of the Pt catalyst using tetraethylammonium chloride (TEAC) as a complex-forming agent with the molar TEAC/Pt ratio 10 was the minimum value (3.8 nm), and was much smaller than that (6.7 nm) prepared by the impregnation method. The utilization of the complex-forming agent of which hydrophobic groups occupied a small volume and the appropriate complex-forming agent/Pt ratio were favorable for synthesis of small Pt particles. The effect of loaded Pt particle size on the hydrocracking of the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) product was investigated using the Pt-loaded zeolite catalysts at 250 °C with an initial H2 pressure of 0.5 MPa, and reaction time of 1 h. The Pt catalyst with a Pt particle size of 4.2 nm prepared using the microemulsion exhibited the maximum corresponding jet fuel yield (30.0%), which was higher than that of the impregnated catalyst.

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Environmental impacts and costs of woody Biomass-to-Liquid (BTL) production and use — A review

Cited by 57 publications

References 57 publications

Hot and Dry Cleaning of Biomass-Gasified Gas Using Activated Carbons with Simultaneous Removal of Tar, Particles, and Sulfur Compounds

Hot and Dry Cleaning of Biomass-Gasified Gas Using Activated Carbons with Simultaneous Removal of Tar, Particles, and Sulfur Compounds

Preparation for Pt-Loaded Zeolite Catalysts Using w/o Microemulsion and Their Hydrocracking Behaviors on Fischer-Tropsch Product

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