Environmental Impacts of Biobased/Biodegradable Packaging

Fritz, Johann; Link, Uwe; Braun, Rudolf

doi:10.1002/1521-379x(200104)53:3/4<105::aid-star105>3.3.co;2-9

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…In the last decades, methods of mitigation or controlling the methane emission from these sources have been investigated. Composting has been proposed as one method to reduce methane emission from landfills [4,5]. This method of processing organic waste has become an integral part of modern waste management, with the objective of reducing the mass and volume of the biodegradable portion of solid wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermophilic methane production and oxidation in compost

Jäckel

Thummes

Kämpfer

2005

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

102

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Methane cycling within compost heaps has not yet been investigated in detail. We show that thermophilic methane oxidation occurred after a lag phase of up to one day in 4-week old, 8-week old and mature (>10-week old) compost material. The potential rate of methane oxidation was between 2.6 and 4.1 micromol CH4(gdw)(-1)h(-1). Profiles of methane concentrations within heaps of different ages indicated that 46-98% of the methane produced was oxidised by methanotrophic bacteria. The population size of thermophilic methanotrophs was estimated at 10(9) cells (gdw)(-1), based on methane oxidation rates. A methanotroph (strain KTM-1) was isolated from the highest positive step of a serial dilution series. This strain belonged to the genus Methylocaldum, which contains thermotolerant and thermophilic methanotrophs. The closest relative organism on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence identity was M. szegediense (>99%), a species originally isolated from hot springs. The temperature optimum (45-55 degrees C) for methane oxidation within the compost material was identical to that of strain KTM-1, suggesting that this strain was well adapted to the conditions in the compost material. The temperatures measured in the upper layer (0-40 cm) of the compost heaps were also in this range, so we assume that these organisms are capable of effectively reducing the potential methane emissions from compost.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have addressed the balance between production and oxidation of CH 4 , for example in flooded rice fields [20,21], and have examined the CH 4 oxidation process in the oxic soil surface layer and the rhizosphere [22][23][24]. These studies showed that up to 90% of the CH 4 produced is oxidised before it can reach the atmosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophilic methane production and oxidation in compost

Jäckel

Thummes

Kämpfer

2005

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

102

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“…Production of bioplastics made from renewable resources offers potentially lower energy consumption and greenhouse effects. Furthermore, bioplastics can be made to degrade completely after use, significantly reducing solid waste disposal problems (Bastioli 2001;Fritz et al 2001). By using biodegradable materials in packaging, benefits may be realized ecologically as well as socially (Fritz et al 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, bioplastics can be made to degrade completely after use, significantly reducing solid waste disposal problems (Bastioli 2001;Fritz et al 2001). By using biodegradable materials in packaging, benefits may be realized ecologically as well as socially (Fritz et al 2001). Currently, bioplastics are used in such applications as composting bags, fast food tableware, packaging, and mulch, with the major bioplastics used made primarily from starch and polylactic acid (Bastioli 2001).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Sorghum Protein Extraction and Precipitation Conditions on Yield, Purity, and Composition of Purified Protein Fractions

et al. 2006

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Sorghum proteins have the potential to be used as a bio‐industrial renewable resource for applications such as biodegradable films and packaging. This project was designed to evaluate the effect of interactions between sorghum protein extraction and precipitation conditions on the yield, purity, and composition of sorghum protein fractions. Proteins were extracted with 70% ethanol under nonreducing conditions, with ultrasound, or under reducing conditions using either sodium metabisulfite or glutathione as the reducing agent. Several conditions were used to isolate the extracted proteins through precipitation, including lowering ethanol concentrations alone or in combination with lowering to pH 2.5, or by adding 1M NaCl to the extract. Combinations of these conditions were also tested. All precipitation conditions effectively precipitated proteins and lowering the pH and adding 1M NaCl to the extracts enhanced precipitation in some cases. However, the conditions that precipitated the maxium amount of protein or highest purity of protein varied according to how the proteins were initially extracted. Precipitated proteins were characterized by RP‐HPLC, SEC, HPCE, and SDS‐PAGE to compare the protein fractions composition. Nonreduced and sonicated samples had a much wider Mw distribution than reduced extracts. Thus, extraction and precipitation conditions influenced the isolated proteins yield, purity, and composition. Because the extraction and purification processes influenced the composition, purity, and biochemical properties, it may be possible to prepare protein fractions with unique functionalities for specific end‐uses.

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“…are being studied. Suppression of crystallinity results in flexible properties and excellent biodegradation (Fritz, 2001). Implementation of additives is also a good approach in this regards (Nadia Ljungberg, 2003;Ljungberg, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of copoly(L-lactic acid-caprolactone) and its stereo-effect with poly D-lactic acid and biodegradability

Hoque

Nakayama

Nur

et al. 2012

Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res.

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Random copolymerizations of L-Lactide with ε-Caprolactone by ring opening polymerization reactions were carried out. A number of copolymers were formed and observed that any composition of copolymer can be formed by changing the feed ratio of the respective monomers. The effect of temperature and time in copolymerization reaction were studied. For their characterization, NMR, IR, DSC and GPC were measured. The stereo-effect of the lactic acid based biodegradable polymers and copolymers for improve thermo-mechanical properties were studied. The obtained copolymers also show stereo-effect like homopolymer. The biodegradability of obtained polymers, copolymers and stereocomplex were studied in three different biodegradation methods; e.g., Enzymatic method, Composting method and Activated Sludge treatment method; and compared to each other.

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Environmental Impacts of Biobased/Biodegradable Packaging

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Thermophilic methane production and oxidation in compost

Thermophilic methane production and oxidation in compost

Interaction Between Sorghum Protein Extraction and Precipitation Conditions on Yield, Purity, and Composition of Purified Protein Fractions

Synthesis and characterization of copoly(L-lactic acid-caprolactone) and its stereo-effect with poly D-lactic acid and biodegradability

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