Environmental Impacts of Desalination Activities in the Arabian Gulf

Uddin, Saif

doi:10.7763/ijesd.2014.v5.461

Cited by 22 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Brine discharge from desalination plants using reverse osmosis (RO) and multistage flash (MSF) distillation technologies may produce depressions in the dissolved oxygen (DO) level, and increased salinity and sea surface temperature (SST) [1,2]. In turn, these could potentially cause degradation of Kuwait's marine diversity [3,4] both at the plant intakes and discharge outfalls [5] and further offshore [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconfined Dense Plunging Jets Used for Brine Disposal from Desalination Plants

et al. 2020

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Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure entrained air bubble penetration depth and dilution of a dense vertical unconfined plunging jet to evaluate its performance as an outfall to dilute brine from desalination plants as well as a means to aerate water column. Experiments involved neutrally buoyant or dense plunging jets discharging in quiescent receiving water. The density difference between effluent and receiving water, the plunging jet length (height above water surface), and the receiving water salinity were varied in the experiments. Observed penetration depth for neutrally buoyant jets was somewhat greater than previously reported, and increased modestly with jet density. Increasing density also resulted in an increasing number of fine bubbles descending together with the dense plume. These observations can help guide the design of plunging jets to mitigate anoxic conditions in the water column when brine is introduced to a receiving water body, as with seawater desalination.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconfined Dense Plunging Jets Used for Brine Disposal from Desalination Plants

et al. 2020

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“…For example, reverse osmosis (RO) plants commonly return hypersaline water to the sea, where the consequences to the marine life can be significant considering the high concentrations of ions and precipitating complexes (CaCO 3 , CaSO 4 , BaSO 4 ). Additionally, the high temperature of the stream (30-40 • C) increases the toxicity of metals and chemical [24,25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Tailing Flocculation in Seawater: Relating the Yield Stress with Fractal Aggregates at Varied Mixing Conditions

Jeldres

Piceros

Toro

et al. 2019

Metals

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The implications of physical conditions of the feedwell on the rheological properties of synthetic copper tailings, flocculated in seawater, were analysed. The mixing intensity of flocculation was related to the structural characteristics of the aggregates, and the outcomes were linked to the yield stress of the pulp sediments. Tailings settling assays were conducted by using a 30 mm turbine type stirrer with an in-situ aggregate size characterisation. The structural characteristics of the aggregates were determined by using the focused beam reflectance measurement (FBRM). After a mixing time between the pulp and the flocculant, the sample was allowed to settle for 2.5 h, where the variation of the sediment height was minimal. The sediment was gently removed and subjected to rheological characterisation. The yield stress was measured on an Anton Paar MCR 102 rheometer (ANAMIN Group, Santiago, Chile), with a vane-in-cup configuration. The mixing intensity was related to the characteristics of the aggregates, and the outcomes were linked to the yield stress of the flocculated pulp sediments. More aggressive hydrodynamics deteriorated the structure of the aggregates, promoting the reduction of both its size and the fractal dimension. This brought direct consequences on the rheological properties of the sediments: at higher mixing level, the yield stress was lower. The explanation lies in the structural changes of the aggregates, where at a fixed mixing rate, the yield stress presented a seemingly exponential increase over the fractal dimension. Additionally, correlations were found between the rheological properties with settling rate and aggregate size.Metals 2019, 9, 1295 2 of 12 of the mineral processing. Water recovery is principally accomplished in thickeners, where chemical reagents (i.e., flocculants) are used to stimulate the decantation of solid particles, generating a clarified supernatant liquid [1]. The discharge is carried out by a lower cone (underflow), and it must be expelled with the help of rakes that move with the application of mechanical torque. The magnitude of the rheological properties is critical, and several studies show a qualitative improvement in dewaterability as a result of raking the suspension [2,3]. Ultimately, the thickened tailings are transported through pipes to a disposal area for subsequent dehydration and consolidation [4].Tailings produced in the copper mining operations generally have clays contents like kaolinite, where their colloidal size and amorphous structure cause varied challenges in thickening. Usually, the settling rate of the flocculated slurries drop [5][6][7], and the rheological parameters can rise to acquire non-Newtonian behaviours [8,9]. Several studies have examined the adsorption of polyacrylamides on the surface of kaolinite, standing out as the main flocculants and most common clay that appear in the copper industry. It has been concluded that polymer adsorption occurs mostly on the kaolinite edge, that is, on the broken bonds of the aluminol (Al-OH) an...

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“…The RIAM method is holistic and provides a valuable tool for organizing and analyzing the coherent data sets for conducting an environmental impact assessment (EIA). This is a structured and straightforward method that provides flexibility in selecting parameters, and has been upgraded by coupling an environmental database for more realistic environmental scores [50]. In RIAM, the impacts of project activities are evaluated against the environmental components.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. as Poultry Feed Supplements: Feasibility and Environmental Implications

Al-Khalaifah

Uddin

2022

Sustainability

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Eutrophication, coupled with ocean acidification and warming, results in an increased concentration of marine algae, severely impacting some regions. Several algae are a rich source of protein and minerals. Marine algae are rich in bioactive molecules with antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal, and antimicrobial properties. These properties make them attractive for usage in the pharmaceutical industry. This study evaluated Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. for use as poultry feed. Chemical analyses show that crude protein (CP) in analyzed algae was 9.07–63.63%, with a fiber content of 0.15–17.20%, and a crude fat range of 0.152–2.11%, suggesting that algae can partially substitute imported protein sources used for poultry feed. A rapid impact assessment matrix (RIAM) was used to assess the environmental footprint of algae usage in poultry feed. The environmental assessment results show promising opportunities to help harvest the algae from the marine area. However, the feasibility of establishing outdoor algal ponds is not environmentally viable in the Middle East.

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Environmental Impacts of Desalination Activities in the Arabian Gulf

Cited by 22 publications

References 11 publications

Unconfined Dense Plunging Jets Used for Brine Disposal from Desalination Plants

Unconfined Dense Plunging Jets Used for Brine Disposal from Desalination Plants

Copper Tailing Flocculation in Seawater: Relating the Yield Stress with Fractal Aggregates at Varied Mixing Conditions

Assessment of Sargassum sp., Spirulina sp., and Gracilaria sp. as Poultry Feed Supplements: Feasibility and Environmental Implications

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