Environmental Impacts of Urban Sprawl in Londrina, Paraná, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract:Public policies encouraging the insertion of large industrial and commercial developments near highways, associated to exclusionary housing policies, have shaped over the past decades a new urbanization phenomenon; the sprawl. This is largely characterized by discontinuous and fragmented occupation, with random population densities. This phenomenon brings environmental and social impacts to the urban and rural population, in addition to a great burden for the Government. In line with this and considering the lack of discussion about the topic, this paper discusses some of those impacts observed in Londrina -PR, Brazil. The influence of urban sprawl in this city has shown to impact traffic, waterproofing rates and green areas, in addition to underutilizing the infrastructure due to large urban voids and vacant lots. With the data presented here, it is hoped that debates emerge on the importance of rethinking the plan, so that everyone can have legal access to the city (endowed with infrastructure), as well as the importance of developing strategies to contain urban sprawl.

Determination of Urban Sprawl Effects on Farmlands Value Using GIS

“…People employed in industrial sector, due to high costs of commuting; prefer to settle in locations close to industrial quarter, which in effect increases the density. In relevant literature it has been noted that the development of industry and commerce in regions closer to highways played role in the development of new settlements and formation of urban sprawl phenomenon (Patacchini, Zenou, Henderson, & Epple, 2009;Polidoro et al, 2011). It is also stated that industrial and correspondingly housing sector shifted towards city outskirts to select low-value farmlands which in effect transformed farmlands into urban lands and created urban sprawling (Du et al, 2013;Malaque III & Yokohari, 2007), as also been verified in current study.…”

“…Practices of public policies which support industrial and business development close to highway depending on dwelling policies revealed sprawl which is a new phenomenon of urbanization (Polidoro, de Lollo, & Barros, 2011). Urbanized areas which have sprawled towards outskirts rapidly with the aim of dwelling, industry and trade in USA towards the end of 1950's resulted in occupation of forests.…”

Drivers of urban sprawl in urban areas of Iran

“…A large part of the studies on urban sprawl is mainly related to the cities of developed countries, and among the developing countries, Chinese cities take first place in the ranking. The most influential factors on urban sprawl in the researches including: political fragmentation (Bhatta, ; Burchfield et al, ; Byun & Esparza, ; Christiansen & Loftsgarden, ; EEA, ; Pendall, ), land value (EEA, ; Christiansen & Loftsgarden, ; Habibi & Asadi, ; Pendall, ; Zhang, ), role of public policy & local government (Milan & Creutzig, ; Pendall, ; Polidoro, de Lollo, & Barros, ; Zhang, ;), population growth (Bhatta, ; Christiansen & Loftsgarden, ; EEA, ; Habibi & Asadi, ; Lata, Rao, Prasad, Badarianth, & Rahgavasamy, ; Zhang & Su, ), economic growth (Bhatta, ; Christiansen & Loftsgarden, ; EEA, ; Habibi & Asadi, ; Lata et al, ; Milan & Creutzig, ; Zhang & Su, ), policies on urban land use (Bhatta, ; Burchell et al, ; Christiansen & Loftsgarden, ; Pendall, ), Transportation (Bhatta, ; Burchfield et al, ; Christiansen & Loftsgarden, ; EEA, ; Ewing, ; Habibi & Asadi, ; Weilenmann, Seidl, & Schulz, ; Zhang & Su, ), industrialization (Bhatta, ; Burchfield et al, ; Yue et al, ; Zhang & Su, ), land speculation (Bhatta, ; EEA, ; Ewing, ), property tax (Bhatta, ; Song & Zenou, ; Wassmer, ), preferences of consumer (Bhatta, ; Christiansen & Loftsgarden, ; EEA, ; Ewing, ; Habibi & Asadi, ), problems of inner cit...…”

“…A large part of the studies on urban sprawl is mainly related to the cities of developed countries, and among the developing countries, Chinese cities take first place in the ranking. The most influential factors on urban sprawl in the researches including: political fragmentation (Bhatta, 2010;Burchfield et al, 2006;Byun & Esparza, 2005;Christiansen & Loftsgarden, 2011;EEA, 2006;Pendall, 1999), land value (EEA, 2006;Christiansen & Loftsgarden, 2011;Habibi & Asadi, 2011;Pendall, 1999;Zhang, 2000), role of public policy & local government (Milan & Creutzig, 2016;Pendall, 1999;Polidoro, de Lollo, & Barros, 2011;Zhang, 2000;), population growth (Bhatta, 2010;Christiansen & Loftsgarden, 2011;EEA, 2006;Habibi & Asadi, 2011;Lata, Rao, Prasad, Badarianth, & Rahgavasamy, 2001;Zhang & Su, 2016), economic growth (Bhatta, 2010;Christiansen & Loftsgarden, 2011;EEA, 2006;Habibi & Asadi, 2011;Lata et al, 2001;Milan & Creutzig, 2016;Zhang & Su, 2016), policies on urban land use (Bhatta, 2010;Burchell et al, 1998;Christiansen & Loftsgarden, 2011;Pendall, 1999), Transportation (Bhatta, 2010;Burchfield et al, 2006;Christiansen & Loftsgarden, 2011;EEA, 2006;Ewing, 2008;…”

Urban Planning Against Poverty

“…This is the case cited byPolidoro et al (2012) for the city of Londrina, in Parana.5 An Intermediate City in Brazil: Between Inequalities and Growth…”