Environmental Influences on the Pore Density of Bolivina Spissa (Cushman)

Glock, Nicolaas; Eisenhauer, Anton; Milker, Yvonne; Liebetrau, Volker; Schönfeld, Joachim; Mallon, Jürgen; Sommer, Stefan; Hensen, Christian

doi:10.2113/gsjfr.41.1.22

Cited by 58 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In the centre of the OMZ B. spissa is completely absent . This suggests that B. spissa needs at least trace amounts of oxygen to survive or enough nitrate for denitrification, since B. spissa is known to accumulate nitrate and seem to adapt their pore-density to nitrate availability (Glud et al, 2009;Glock et al 2011). At the Peruvian OMZ B. spissa can be found in temperature ranges from 4.8-13.0 • C and foraminifera in general are known for good adaptation to fluctuations in salinity by change of their surface to volume ratio through variation of volume and number of vacuoles inside their cell (Erez et al, 2011).…”

Section: Fe/ca Ratios and Comparison To Pore Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of B. spissa has been documented in the West Pacific at cold-seep environments off Costa Rica (Heinz et al, 2008), the Californian borderlands (Lutze, 1962;Silva et al, 1996) and Monterey Bay cold-seeps (Bernhard et al, 2001) as well as in the East Pacific at the Cascadia convergent margin (Heinz et al, 2005) and Sagami Bay, Japan (Nomaki et al, 2006;Glud et al, 2009). B. spissa selectively ingests certain types of phytodetritus precipitated from the surface waters, indicating that its live cycle is related to phytoplankton blooms (Nomaki et al, 2006;Glock et al, 2011). U. peregrina in fact is more globally distributed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EMP and SIMS studies on Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca systematics in benthic foraminifera from the Peruvian OMZ: a contribution to the identification of potential redox proxies and the impact of cleaning protocols

et al. 2012

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Abstract. In this study we present an initial dataset of Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca ratios in tests of benthic foraminifera from the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) determined with SIMS. These results are a contribution to a better understanding of the proxy potential of these elemental ratios for ambient redox conditions. Foraminiferal tests are often contaminated by diagenetic coatings, like Mn rich carbonate-or Fe and Mn rich (oxyhydr)oxide coatings. Thus, it is substantial to assure that the cleaning protocols are efficient or that spots chosen for microanalyses are free of contaminants. Prior to the determination of the element/Ca ratios, the distributions of several elements (Ca, Mn, Fe, Mg, Ba, Al, Si, P and S) in tests of the shallow infaunal species Uvigerina peregrina and Bolivina spissa were mapped with an electron microprobe (EMP). To visualize the effects of cleaning protocols uncleaned and cleaned specimens were compared. The cleaning protocol included an oxidative cleaning step. An Fe rich phase was found on the inner test surface of uncleaned U. peregrina specimens. This phase was also enriched in Al, Si, P and S. A similar Fe rich phase was found at the inner test surface of B. spissa. Specimens of both species treated with oxidative cleaning show the absence of this phase. Neither in B. spissa nor in U. peregrina were any hints found for diagenetic (oxyhydr)oxide or carbonate coatings. Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca ratios of single specimens of B. spissa from different locations have been determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Bulk analyses using solution ICP-MS of several samples were compared to the SIMS data. The difference between SIMS analyses and ICP-MS bulk analyses from the same sampling sites was 14.0-134.8 µmol mol −1 for the Fe/Ca and 1.68(±0.41) µmol mol −1 for the Mn/Ca ratios. This is in the same order of magnitude as the variability inside single specimens determined with SIMS at these sampling sites (1σ [Mn/Ca] = 0.35-2.07 µmol mol −1 ; 1σ [Fe/Ca] = 93.9-188.4 µmol mol −1 ). The Mn/Ca ratios in the calcite were generally relatively low (2.21-9.93 µmol mol −1 ) but in the same magnitude and proportional to the surrounding pore waters (1.37-6.67 µmol mol −1 ). However, the Fe/Ca ratios in B. spissa show a negative correlation to the concentrations in the surrounding pore waters. Lowest foraminiferal Fe/Ca ratios (87.0-101.0 µmol mol −1 ) were found at 465 m water depth, a location with a strong sharp Fe peak in the pore water next to the sediment surface and respectively, high Fe concentrations in the surrounding pore waters. Previous studies found no living specimens of B. spissa at this location. All these facts hint that the analysed specimens already were dead before the Fe flux started and the sampling site just recently turned anoxic due to fluctuations of the lower boundary of the OMZ near the sampling site (465 m water depth). Summarized Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca ratios are potential proxies for redox conditions, if cleaning protocols are carefully applied. The data presented here may ...

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Section: Fe/ca Ratios and Comparison To Pore Watersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EMP and SIMS studies on Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca systematics in benthic foraminifera from the Peruvian OMZ: a contribution to the identification of potential redox proxies and the impact of cleaning protocols

et al. 2012

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“…Previous work on the porosity of planktonic foraminifera identified a number of environmental and biological correlates which 255 often co-vary in time and space (Bé, 1968;Bé et al, 1976;Hottinger & Dreher, 1974;Berthold, 1978;Leutenegger & Hansen, 1979;Bé et al, 1980;Caron, 1987a,b;Hemleben et al, 2012;Bijma, et al, 1990;Moodley & Hess, 1992;Gupta & MachainCastillo, 1992;Fisher, et al, 2003;Glock et al, 2011;Kuroyanagi et al, 2013). Our study builds on existing work by simultaneously investigating the three major types of drivers that may account for porosity: biology, environment, and evolutionary history.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Factors Influencing Porosity in Planktonic Foraminifera

Burke¹,

Renema²,

Henehan³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Abstract. The clustering of mitochondria near pores in the test walls of foraminifera suggests that these perforations play a critical role in metabolic gas exchange. As such, pore measurements could provide a novel means of tracking changes in metabolic rate in the fossil record. However, in planktonic foraminifera, variation in pore size, density, and porosity have been 20 variously attributed to environmental, biological, and taxonomic drivers, complicating such an interpretation. Here we examine the environmental, biological, and evolutionary determinants of porosity in 718 individuals representing 17 morphospecies of planktonic foraminifera from 6 core tops in the North Atlantic. Using random forest models, we find that porosity is primarily correlated to size and habitat temperature, two key factors in determining metabolic rates. In order to test if this correlation arose spuriously through the association of cryptic species with distinct biomes, we cultured Globigerinoides ruber in three 25 different temperature conditions, and found that porosity increased with temperature. Crucially, these results show that porosity can be plastic: changing in response to environmental drivers within the lifetime of an individual foraminifer. This demonstrates the potential of porosity as a proxy for foraminiferal metabolic rates, with significance for interpreting geochemical data and the physiology of foraminifera in non-analog environments. It also highlights the importance of phenotypic plasticity (i.e., ecophenotypy) in accounting for some aspects of morphological variation in the modern and fossil 30 record.

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“…Several studies suggested that variations in pore characteristics (i.e., number and size) in benthic foraminiferal tests are related to different oxygen levels of the surrounding bottom-and/or pore-waters (e.g., Corliss, 1985;Perez-Cruz & Machain-Castillo, 1990;Glock et al, 2011Glock et al, , 2012Kuhnt et al, 2013). There is clear evidence that infaunal species respond to lower oxygen content within the sediment by having higher pore densities, whereas epifaunal species often produce differently sized pores on either side of the test (e.g., Corliss, 1985;Corliss & Emerson, 1990;Roshoff & Corliss, 1992;Rathburn & Corliss, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A better understanding of the factors controlling pore density and its relationship to oxygenation clearly underlines its potential to form the basis of a paleooxygenation proxy. However, the pore density in benthic foraminiferal tests is currently assessed by the rather timeconsuming manual pore counting on SEM photographs and measurement of the analyzed test areas (Glock et al, 2011;Kuhnt et al, 2013). Automatization of pore density measurements would allow faster data acquisition, higher resolution, and a better reproducibility of data, and is, therefore, an essential prerequisite for establishing a useful bottom-water-oxygenation proxy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated and Manual Analyses of the Pore Density-to-Oxygen Relationship in Globobulimina Turgida (Bailey)

Kuhnt¹,

Schiebel²,

Schmiedl³

et al. 2014

The Journal of Foraminiferal Research

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To test the pore density in benthic foraminifera as a potential proxy for bottom-water oxygenation, pore density analyses were carried out on tests of living (rose Bengalstained) specimens of the deep-infaunal and anoxia-tolerant foraminiferal species Globobulimina turgida. Three stations within and two stations below the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) off Namibia were investigated and compared to in situmeasured bottom-water oxygen content (BW-O 2 ). Pore density was first conventionally assessed by rather timeconsuming manual pore counting on SEM photographs and measurement of the analyzed test areas. To significantly shorten the measurement time we tested and evaluated an automation of the pore density measurement using the image analysis software package analySIS (version 5.0, Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions). Pore density data from automated analyses are compared to manually acquired data from G. turgida. Our study shows almost identical results for both manually and automatically acquired data. Consequently, we assume that the new technique provides an alternative and more rapid method to analyze the pore density of foraminifera.For both methods, our results show a distinct negative linear correlation (automatically analyzed pore density: t = 20.50, p , 0.001; manually analyzed pore density: t = 20.49, p , 0.001) between pore density and BW-O 2 , suggesting that G. turgida increases its pore density in response to decreasing oxygen. Thus, we suggest that, similar to other recently described low-oxygen-tolerant benthic foraminiferal species, G. turgida may improve its O 2 uptake by increasing pore density to survive in low-oxic environments. This morphological adaption might be useful for future studies to establish an independent proxy for BW-O 2 . In addition, pore density has been compared to in situ-measured bottom-water nitrate concentration (BW-NO 3 2

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Environmental Influences on the Pore Density of Bolivina Spissa (Cushman)

Cited by 58 publications

References 25 publications

EMP and SIMS studies on Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca systematics in benthic foraminifera from the Peruvian OMZ: a contribution to the identification of potential redox proxies and the impact of cleaning protocols

EMP and SIMS studies on Mn/Ca and Fe/Ca systematics in benthic foraminifera from the Peruvian OMZ: a contribution to the identification of potential redox proxies and the impact of cleaning protocols

Factors Influencing Porosity in Planktonic Foraminifera

Automated and Manual Analyses of the Pore Density-to-Oxygen Relationship in Globobulimina Turgida (Bailey)

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