Environmental Injustice: Childhood Lead Poisoning, Teen Pregnancy, and Tobacco

Lane, Sandra D.; Webster, Noah; Levandowski, Brooke A.; Rubinstein, Robert A.; Keefe, Robert H.; Wojtowycz, Martha A.; Cibula, D; Kingson, Johanna E.F.; Aubry, Richard H.

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.06.017

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The current study assessed differences in self-reported involuntary responses to stress and effortful coping in adolescents with and without PCE and explored whether CM moderates the effects of PCE on stress response. Multiple biological and environmental confounders of PCE were assessed and controlled to isolate the effects of PCE and CM, including prenatal exposure to other substances such as alcohol (Larkby et al, 2011), tobacco (Maughan et al, 2004), and marijuana (Goldschmidt et al, 2000), elevated lead (≥10 μg/dL) levels (Lane et al, 2008; Min et al, 2009; Singer et al, 2008), ongoing caregiver postpartum substance abuse (Elkington et al, 2011) and psychological distress (Minnes et al, 2010), poor quality of the home environment (Singer et al, 2008; Min et al, 2014b), and violence exposure (Kobulsky et al, 2016; Frank et al, 2011). Further, lack of ecological resources and support from family, school, and the neighborhood/community which tend to confound with CM (Sippel et al, 2015), were also controlled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence

Min

Minnes

Kim

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) may alter responses to stress. Children with PCE tend to grow up in suboptimal caregiving environments, conducive to child maltreatment (CM). Guided by the diathesis-stress model, the present study examined differences in self-reported responses to stress and coping in adolescents with and without PCE and explored whether childhood maltreatment (CM) moderated the effects of PCE. Methods Adolescents (N=363; 184 PCE, 179 non-cocaine exposed (NCE)), primarily African-American and of low socioeconomic status, were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth. The Responses to Stress Questionnaire was used to assess volitional coping (primary control, secondary control, disengagement) and involuntary responses (involuntary engagement, involuntary disengagement) to stress at the 15- and 17-year follow-up visits. CM was assessed retrospectively at age 17 using the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Results Findings from longitudinal mixed model analyses indicated that PCE was associated with poorer coping strategies only among adolescents with a history of CM. Adolescents with PCE who experienced CM reported less dominant use of primary (e.g., problem solving, emotional regulation) and secondary control (e.g., cognitive restructuring) and more dominant use of disengagement (e.g., denial, avoidance) and involuntary disengagement (e.g., inaction) than adolescents with PCE who did not experience CM or NCE adolescents regardless of CM. CM was associated with more dominant use of involuntary engagement (e.g., intrusive thoughts). Conclusions PCE may increase sensitivity to CM, predisposing increased vulnerability to environmental risk. Continued studies into adulthood will elucidate how coping and involuntary stress responses affect social, vocational, and behavioral adjustment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence

Min

Minnes

Kim

et al. 2017

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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“…[23][24][25][26] Syracuse's school district graduation rate among students completing 4 years in high school was 51 %, and the New York State Attorney General found that the school district had one of the highest school suspension rates in the nation. 27,28 Unemployment among African Americans in Syracuse reaches 17.1 %; among Latinos it is 16.5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trauma Response Team: a Community Intervention for Gang Violence

Jennings-Bey¹,

Lane

Rubinstein

et al. 2015

J Urban Health

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While violent crime has decreased in many cities in the USA, gang-related violence remains a serious problem in impoverished inner city neighborhoods. In Syracuse, New York, gang-related murders and gun shots have topped other New York state cities. Residents of the high-murder neighborhoods suffer trauma similar to those living in civil conflict zones. The Trauma Response Team was established in 2010, in collaboration with the Police Department, health care institutions, and emergency response teams and with the research support of Syracuse University faculty. Since its inception, gang-related homicides and gun shots have decreased in the most severely affected census tracts.

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“…Disruption in the prefrontal cortex has been implicated in problems of inhibitory control, attention, increased risk taking behaviors, and executive function (Thompson et al, 2009), all of which likely contribute to sexual risk behaviors (Goldenberg et al, 2013; Khurana et al, 2012). In addition, PCE may indirectly increase vulnerability to sexual risk behavior through biological and environmental confounders, including prenatal exposure to other substances such as alcohol (Larkby et al, 2011), tobacco (Maughan et al, 2004), and marijuana (Goldschmidt et al, 2000), ongoing parental substance abuse (Elkington et al, 2011) and psychological distress (Minnes et al, 2010), and elevated lead (≥ 10 μg/dL) levels (Lane et al, 2008; Min et al, 2009; Singer et al, 2008). Further, poor quality of the home environment (Singer et al, 2008) including poor attachment to caregiver (Warner et al, 2011) and inadequate parental monitoring (Min et al, 2014a, 2014b), sexual victimization (De Genna et al, 2014), violence exposure (Frank et al, 2011), and adoptive/foster care placement (Singer et al, 2004) may obscure the effects of PCE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways to adolescent sexual risk behaviors: Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure

Min

Minnes

Lang

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background To assess the impact of prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) on adolescent sexual risk behaviors. Externalizing behavior, teen substance use, and early sexual intercourse were examined as pathways mediating the effects of PCE on sexual risk behaviors. Methods Adolescents (N=364; 185 PCE, 179 non-cocaine exposure (NCE); 205 girls, 159 boys), primarily African-American and of low socioeconomic status, were prospectively enrolled in a longitudinal study at birth. Risky sexual behaviors were assessed at ages 15 and 17. Externalizing behavior at 12 years was assessed with the Youth Self-Report. Substance use, via self-report and biologic assays, and early (before age 15) sexual intercourse were assessed at age 15. Path analyses with the weighted least squares estimator with mean and variance adjustments were performed. Results The final structural equation model-based path model, χ2 =31.97 (df=27), p= .23, CFI=.99, TLI=.99, RMSEA= .021, WRMR=.695, indicated a direct effect of PCE on sexual risk behavior (β= .16, p=.02). Although PCE was related to greater externalizing behavior (β= .14, p=.009), which in turn, predicted early sexual intercourse (β= .16, p= .03), leading to sexual risk behavior (β= .44, p< .001), bootstrapping indicated a non-significant indirect effect (β= .01, p> .10). Substance use was correlated with early sexual intercourse (r=.60, p<.001) and predicted sexual risk behavior by age 17 (β= .31, p=.01). Conclusions Prenatal cocaine exposure was related to more engagement with sexual risk behaviors, suggesting the importance of reducing substance use among pregnant women as a means of prevention of offspring substance use and sexual risk behavior.

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Environmental Injustice: Childhood Lead Poisoning, Teen Pregnancy, and Tobacco

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence

Association of prenatal cocaine exposure, childhood maltreatment, and responses to stress in adolescence

The Trauma Response Team: a Community Intervention for Gang Violence

Pathways to adolescent sexual risk behaviors: Effects of prenatal cocaine exposure

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