Environmental Limits on the Spread of Invasive Phragmites australis into Upland Forests with Marine Transgression

Shaw, Phoebe; Jobe, Justus; Gedan, Keryn B.

doi:10.1007/s12237-021-00980-9

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The shading treatment significantly reduced light availability (~12.16% available light ± 0.75% SE) in the marsh plots (ANOVA, F 1,26 = 126.9, P < 0.0001). This treatment is comparable to what is found in the forest understory, with data from other work indicating 23.6% light availability when canopy cover is 50%, the value we use to delineate the marsh-forest ecotone (Shaw et al, 2021). We found no difference in soil salinity between control and shaded conditions (ANOVA, F 1,14 = 3.19, P = 0.0957).…”

Section: Shading Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Spartina patens can spread moderately quickly; the species is able to colonize 0.25‐m 2 , high‐salinity bare patches or dredge spoil piles within a single growing season (Burger and Shisler, 1983; Bertness, 1991a). However, its rhizomatous colonization of upland habitats may be impeded by light competition with taller plant species, such as the invasive Phragmites australis , which can supplant it along the migration front (Smith, 2013; Shaw et al, 2021). Therefore, it is unclear whether the clonal migration of S. patens will be able to keep pace with movement of the marsh–forest boundary, which is moving at a pace of several meters per year (e.g., 0.5 m/yr from the late 1800s to 2013 in the Chesapeake Bay [Schieder et al, 2018]; 1.8 m/yr from 1930 to 2006 in Delaware Bay [Smith, 2013]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The species comprising this migration front are a relatively small number of salt-tolerant shrubs and grasses that are adapted to high-light environments. These are also found in the low-lying coastal forest understory (Shaw et al, 2021). To better understand the community processes at this ecotone border, we investigated how marsh plants are responding to biotic and abiotic shifts at this range edge.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sexual reproduction is light‐limited as marsh grasses colonize maritime forest

Kottler

Gedan

2022

American J of Botany

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Climate change is driving abiotic shifts that can threaten the conservation of foundation species and the habitats they support. Directional range shifting is one mechanism of escape, but requires the successful colonization of habitats where interspecific interactions may differ from those to which a species has adapted. For plants with multiple reproductive strategies, these range-edge interactions may alter the investment or allocation toward a given reproductive strategy. In this study, we quantified sexual reproduction of the clonal marsh grass Spartina patens across an inland colonization front into maritime forest being driven by sea-level rise. We find that flowering is variable across S. patens meadows, but consistently reduced in low light conditions like those of the forest understory. Observational surveys of S. patens flowering at four sites in the Delmarva Peninsula agreed with the results of two experimental manipulations of light availability (shading experiment in S. patensdominated marsh and a forest dieback manipulation). These three approaches pinpointed light limitation as a principal control on S. patens flowering capacity, suggesting that light competition with taller upland species can suppress S. patens flowering along its upland migration front. Consequently, all propagation in shaded conditions must occur clonally or via seeds from the marsh, a reproductive restriction that could limit the potential for local adaptation and reduce genetic diversity. Future research is needed to determine whether the lack of flowering is the result of a tradeoff between sexual and clonal reproduction or results from insufficient photosynthetic products needed to achieve either reproductive method.

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Section: Shading Experimentssupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sexual reproduction is light‐limited as marsh grasses colonize maritime forest

Kottler

Gedan

2022

American J of Botany

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“…For example, in one study, optimized video science communication appeared more effective than press releases and nonoptimized communication tools in promoting better comprehension and a stronger manifest interest in learning more about the subject area by members of the public (Putortì et al, 2020). In New Zealand, the use of short policy guidance documents reached via scientific consensus has been effective within more holistic ecosystem-based management frameworks that involve all parties in the decisionmaking process (Hewitt et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand's media and the crisis in the ocean: News norms and scientific urgency

Armoudian

Stevens

Stephenson

et al. 2023

Aquatic Conservation

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1. To date, no studies have analysed New Zealand's media coverage of oceanrelated threats, potential harms, or sources used for their coverage. This is concerning given that marine media coverage is linked to public support, awareness of conservation issues, and policymaking.2. This research helps fill this gap, examining all ocean-related articles 2 weeks before and after the 2019 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report's release on the oceans and cryosphere.3. It first analyses the media's reporting of threats, potential harms arising from the threats, and the sources on whom journalists relied and gave voice, then it tests a report of global significance for influence on reportage.4. Second, it examines whether the threats covered by media align with scientists' main concerns (from the IPCC report and a survey of New Zealand scientists). 5.In contrast to previous studies on media sources for environmental conservation, this study found that journalists in New Zealand relied considerably on scientists as key sources. However, it found that coverage of ocean-related threats did not match scientists' main concerns. 6. Finally, the research found that the IPCC report appeared to influence coverage in two areas: reporting on threats to island nations, and multiple potential harms.Otherwise, New Zealand's media covered the IPCC report as any other news item, reporting on it and then shifting to other matters.7. The lack of coverage on primary scientific concerns and that a globally significant momentous report did not dramatically impact the marine media landscape is problematic for conservation of ocean habitats, species, and broader environmental and societal outcomes owing to poor understandings by policymakers and the public, which can lead to inaction and policy failures.8. The potential reasons and solutions to advance communication of marine conservation issues for a more educated and mobilized public are explored.

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“…Therefore, the operation of surge barriers could largely eliminate the ecological ratchet and limit the migration of marsh into coastal forest. Salinity also plays a large role in the spread of invasive species at the landward margin, including Phragmites australis (Shaw et al., 2022). Eliminating the effect of episodic salinity fluctuations during storms may influence colonization by invasive species in the forest understory.…”

Section: Research Agenda For Estuary Effects Of Storm Surge Barriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased Utilization of Storm Surge Barriers: A Research Agenda on Estuary Impacts

et al. 2023

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Increasing coastal flood risk worldwide is driving greater interest in the construction of storm surge barriers for coastal flood risk reduction. Storm surge barriers or tide gates cross an estuary's entrance and include gated areas that are closed only during coastal floods (e.g., Figure 1). Surge barriers can effectively minimize flooding, property damage, and loss of life during large storms, and can be a relatively cost-effective approach to mitigate coastal flood hazards (e.g., Deltacommissie, 2009;NRC, 2014). More surge barrier projects were completed worldwide in the 2010s than any prior decade, including flood risk reduction projects for St. Petersburg (Russia) and New Orleans (Mooyaart & Jonkman, 2017). The MOSE Barrier project is nearly completed and mostly operational on the Venice Lagoon, Italy (Mel et al., 2021).

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Environmental Limits on the Spread of Invasive Phragmites australis into Upland Forests with Marine Transgression

Cited by 19 publications

References 52 publications

Sexual reproduction is light‐limited as marsh grasses colonize maritime forest

Sexual reproduction is light‐limited as marsh grasses colonize maritime forest

New Zealand's media and the crisis in the ocean: News norms and scientific urgency

Increased Utilization of Storm Surge Barriers: A Research Agenda on Estuary Impacts

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