Environmental-mediated relationships between tree growth of black spruce and abundance of spruce budworm along a latitudinal transect in Quebec, Canada

Fierravanti, Angelo; Cocozza, Claudia; Palombo, Caterina; Rossi, Sergio; Deslauriers, Annie; Tognetti, Roberto

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.06.014

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Increasing temperature and precipitation had positive effects on tree growth during an epidemic of C. fumiferana [79], potentially increasing early instar larval survival. Tree ring chronologies of jack pine budworm, Choristoneura pinus, revealed that cool May temperatures followed by warm, dry summers favored outbreaks on [104,105] jack pine and scots pine between 1956 and 1986, resulting in five outbreaks of C. pinus, with jack pine being primarily affected, and scots pine showing a 1-year lag in defoliation [80].…”

Section: Defoliatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Insects and Climate Change

Roques²,

2018

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Purpose of Review Climate change affects populations of forest insect pests in a number of ways. We reviewed the most recent literature (2013-2017) on this subject including previous reviews on the topic. We provide a comprehensive discussion of the subject, with special attention to insect range expansion, insect abundance, impacts on forest ecosystems, and effects on forest insect communities. We considered forest insects according to their major guilds and biomes. Recent Findings Effects of climate change on forest insects are demonstrated for a number of species and guilds, although generalizations of results available so far are difficult because of species-specific responses to climate change. In addition, disentangling direct and indirect effects of climate change is complex due to the large number of variables affected. Modeling based on climate projections is useful when combined with mechanistic explanations. Summary Expansion of either the true range or the outbreak range is observed in several model species/groups of major insect guilds in boreal and temperate biomes. Mechanistic explanations are provided for a few species and are mainly based on increase in winter temperatures. In relation to insect abundance, climate change can either promote outbreaks or disrupt trophic interactions and decrease the severity of outbreaks. There is good evidence that some recent outbreaks of bark beetles and defoliating insects are influenced by climate change and are having a large impact on ecosystems as well as on communities of forest insects.

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Section: Defoliatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Insects and Climate Change

Roques²,

2018

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“…The detail of measurements provides seasonal courses of day-to-day stem radius variation, and shows remarkable synchronicity to weather conditions [12]. Moreover, tree growth dynamics result by time series synchronization of environmental factors (abiotic and biotic) and tree growth [13]. Therefore, as radial growth is highly synchronized with climate patterns, it is reasonable to hypothesize that climate fluctuations can be used to forecast the response of tree growth on the occurrence and severity of environmental disturbance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Resolution Analytical Approach to Describe the Sensitivity of Tree–Environment Dependences through Stem Radial Variation

Cocozza

Tognetti

Giovannelli

2018

Forests

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Stem radius variations are remarkably synchronous to weather conditions. Climate fluctuations can forecast the occurrence and severity of environmental disturbance on radial variations, as well as tissue sensitivity and tree growth. Radial variations were detected through dendrometers and were analyzed coupled to environmental conditions to define stem sensitivity in response to experimental (logs in lab) and natural (trees in field) drivers. By using a mathematical approach for the analysis of plant traits and environmental variables, this study aimed at highlighting a methodological framework to analytically unravel the environmental control of stem cycles. A derivative analysis was performed on data derived from experimental measurements, which showed a high degree of agreement between environmental drivers and dendrometer signals. The analytical approach provided information on plant performance in response to environmental variation, removing the confounding effects of different variables. Coding of the dendrometer signal provided a process to quantify stem sensitivity to ambient temperature, to portray synchronicity of time series related to stem radial variations and air temperature events, and to identify time lags of environmental effects on plant traits.

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“…Similarly, insect defoliation in black spruce were noticed by dendrochronology and photointerpretation in lakes Libéral and Onatchiway between 1976and 1979(Krause and Morin 1999 and in Lac Lamandonis around 1980 (Bouchard et al 2007). At a wider spatial scale, this event corresponds to the well-documented last spruce budworm outbreak in Quebec in the 20th century (e.g., Morin et al 1993Morin et al , 2007Krause and Morin, 1999;Bouchard et al 2007;Simard et al 2008;Boulanger et al 2012;Fierravanti et al 2015).…”

Section: Budworm Outbreak and Stand Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Balsam fir and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) are commonly the preferred hosts of the spruce budworm (Morin et al 2007); even so, the last outbreak in Quebec caused defoliation of 55 million ha of black spruce stands (Fierravanti et al 2015). In the surveyed sites, 85% of the black spruces were defoliated between 1973 and 1978, reaching rates of defoliation as high as in fir-dominated forests, with maximum growth reductions in 1976.…”

Section: Budworm Outbreak and Stand Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canopy gaps are progressively filled by growth releases of surviving trees, and they trigger recruitment and post-outbreak colonization (Morin 1994). Therefore, spruce budworm outbreaks are widely recognized as main drivers of forest dynamics in eastern North America (Morin et al 1993(Morin et al , 2007Morin 1994;Bouchard et al 2007;Boulanger et al 2012;Fierravanti et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural root grafting in Picea mariana to cope with spruce budworm outbreaks

2016

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Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreaks cause extensive mortality and growth reductions throughout boreal forests in eastern North America. As tree vulnerability to defoliation remains partially unexplained by tree and stand attributes, we hypothesized that root grafting might attenuate the negative impact of severe defoliation in tree growth. Two experimental sites in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) were harvested and hydraulically excavated to study tree growth in 36 trees in relation to root grafting and the last spruce budworm outbreak using dendroecological methods. Root grafts reduced the negative effects of defoliation by maintaining stable growth in connected trees during epidemic periods. Among dominant trees, growth releases immediately after the outbreak were uniquely observed in grafted trees. Among suppressed trees, grafted trees tended to grow more than non-grafted trees when defoliation severity was the highest. Carbohydrate transfers through root grafts and enhanced efficiency to acquire resources may explain the better performance of grafted trees under scenarios of limited carbon supply. This study reinforces the growing body of literature that suggests root grafting as a cooperative strategy to withstand severe disturbances and highlights the key role of root grafting in stand dynamics to cope with periodic outbreaks.Key words: black spruce (Picea mariana), insect defoliation, dendrochronology, root graft, tree growth.Résumé : Les épidémies de tordeuse des bourgeons de l'épinette (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) sont la cause d'importantes réductions de croissance et de mortalité dans la forêt boréale de l'est de l'Amérique du nord. Comme la vulnérabilité des arbres à la défoliation reste en partie inexpliquée par les caractéristiques des arbres et des peuplements, nous avons posé l'hypothèse que le greffage racinaire pouvait atténuer l'impact négatif de défoliations sévères sur la croissance des arbres. Deux sites expérimentaux dominés par l'épinette noire (Picea mariana Mill.) ont été récoltés et excavés hydrauliquement dans la région de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue afin d'étudier la croissance de 36 arbres en lien avec les greffes racinaires et la dernière épidémie de tordeuse par des méthodes dendroécologiques. Les greffes racinaires ont réduit l'effet négatif de la défoliation en maintenant une croissance plus ou moins stable des arbres greffés durant la période épidémique. Parmi les arbres dominants, la reprise de croissance suite à l'épidémie n'a été observée que pour les arbres greffés. Chez les arbres supprimés, les arbres greffés tendaient à avoir une meilleure croissance que les arbres non greffés quand la sévérité de l'épidémie était à son maximum. Les transferts de sucres par les greffes racinaires et l'amélioration de l'efficacité d'acquisition des ressources pourraient expliquer la meilleure performance des arbres greffés dans des conditions d'approvisionnement en carbone limitées. Cette étude renforce la th...

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Environmental-mediated relationships between tree growth of black spruce and abundance of spruce budworm along a latitudinal transect in Quebec, Canada

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Forest Insects and Climate Change

Forest Insects and Climate Change

High-Resolution Analytical Approach to Describe the Sensitivity of Tree–Environment Dependences through Stem Radial Variation

Natural root grafting in Picea mariana to cope with spruce budworm outbreaks

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