Environmental modelling of hexamethoxymethylmelamine, its transformation products, and precursor compounds: An emerging family of contaminants from tire wear

Johannessen, Cassandra; Parnis, J. Mark

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130914

Cited by 24 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…(2) The toxic effects of rubber antioxidants and their TPs may be evaluated via computational toxicology combined with traditional toxicological methods, including studies of short-term and sub-lethal exposure effects, the potential for mortality, mechanism of effect, and interaction with environmental variables. Computational toxicology could enhance understanding of toxicity mechanisms and predict toxic effects, using mathematics, informatics, and computer models [ 90 ]. These are more suitable for the initial evaluation of toxic effects compared to traditional methods, especially in the case of more chemicals being introduced into the environment [ 91 , 92 , 93 ].…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

Hao

Yang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Antioxidants are prevalently used during rubber production to improve rubber performance, delay aging, and extend service life. However, recent studies have revealed that their transformation products (TPs) could adversely affect environmental organisms and even lead to environmental events, which led to great public concern about environmental occurrence and potential impacts of rubber antioxidants and their TPs. In this review, we first summarize the category and application of rubber antioxidants in the world, and then demonstrate the formation mechanism of their TPs in the environment, emphasizing their influence on the ozone oxidative degradation. The potential toxic effects of antioxidants and their TPs are further reviewed to improve understanding of their biological health impact and environmental risks. Finally, the environmental occurrences of antioxidants and their TPs are summarized and their environmental impacts are demonstrated based on the recent studies. Due to the currently limited understanding on the toxic and biological effects of these compounds, further studies are required in order to better assess various TPs of these antioxidants and their environmental impact. To our knowledge, this is the first review on antioxidants and their TPs in the environment, which may elevate the environmental risk awareness of rubber products and their TPs in the near future.

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Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

Hao

Yang

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Even though many different chemicals are in use throughout the manufacture of a tire, only a small fraction of these are listed as SVHCs, increasing the possibility of overlooking effects from problematic substances when taking the whole life cycle of a tire into consideration. Examples could be compounds such as aniline, benzothiazole, hexamethomethylmelamine and other non-PAH organics (Marwood et al, 2011;Capolupo et al, 2020;Halle et al, 2021;Johannessen and Parnis, 2021;Tian et al, 2021). Complete mixture effects, knowledge on which compound can be found in which environmental compartment in the different life stages of a tire, and metabolites of compounds are not investigated properly to ensure an environmentally sound exposure of this many-faced multi-component pollutant.…”

Section: The Challenges Of Read-acrossmentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for environmental regulation of tires: Challenges and recommendations

Trudsø

Nielsen

Hansen

et al. 2022

Environmental Pollution

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The Tire Wear Compounds 6PPD-Quinone and 1,3-Diphenylguanidine in an Urban Watershed

Johannessen

Helm

Lashuk

et al. 2021

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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151

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Prompted by a recent report that 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-q), a by-product of a common tire manufacturing additive that is present in road runoff, is toxic to coho salmon ( Oncorhynchus kisutch ), extracts of water samples collected from an urban river were re-analyzed to determine if this compound was present in stormwater-influenced flows. In addition, extracts were analyzed for 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), which is also used in tire manufacturing. Samples were originally collected in the fall of 2019 and winter of 2020 in the Greater Toronto Area of Canada from the Don River, a highly urbanized watershed in close proximity to several major multi-lane highways. These target compounds were analyzed using ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography with high resolution mass spectrometric detection with parallel reaction monitoring. Both 6PPD-q and DPG were detected above limits of quantification (i.e., 0.0098 µg/L) in all extracts. Maximum concentrations for 6PPD-quinone of 2.30 ± 0.05 µg/L observed in the river during storm events exceeded the LC 50 for this compound for coho salmon (i.e., > 0.8 µg/L). In composite samples collected at intervals throughout one rain event, both compounds reached peak concentrations a few hours after initiation of the event (i.e., 0.52 µg/L for DPG and 2.85 µg/L for 6PPD-q), but the concentrations of 6PPD-q remained elevated above 2 µg/L for over 10-h in the middle of the event. Estimates of cumulative loads of these compounds in composite samples indicated that kg amounts of these compounds entered the Don River during each hydrological event, and the loads were proportional to the amounts of precipitation. This study contributes to the growing literature indicating that potentially toxic tire-wear compounds are present at elevated levels and are transported via road runoff into urban surface waters during rain events. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00244-021-00878-4.

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Environmental modelling of hexamethoxymethylmelamine, its transformation products, and precursor compounds: An emerging family of contaminants from tire wear

Cited by 24 publications

References 27 publications

Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

Rubber Antioxidants and Their Transformation Products: Environmental Occurrence and Potential Impact

The need for environmental regulation of tires: Challenges and recommendations

The Tire Wear Compounds 6PPD-Quinone and 1,3-Diphenylguanidine in an Urban Watershed

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