Environmental modulation of lipopolysaccharide chain length alters the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to the neutrophil bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein

Weiss, Jerrold; Hutzler, Mathias; Kao, L

doi:10.1128/iai.51.2.594-599.1986

Cited by 55 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The findings of this study indicate that Ty21a that lack lipopolysaccharide are more vulnerable to the cellular defense mechanisms of the host: Ty21a [glu] was eliminated more rapidly than Ty21a [gal.glu] from muscle, liver and spleen. These results extend previous findings showing that, after phagocytosis by granulocytes, the intraceilular killing of rough Gram-negative bacteria that lack complete lipopolysaccharide is more rapid than that of smooth bacteria of the same species [12,13]. Also, the experiments with hydrocortisone-treated mice illustrate this point: hydrocortisone causes a prolonged reduction ofthe number of blood monocytes and lymphocytes but an increase in number of blood granulocytes, and results in an increased number of granulocytes in an infiammatory exudate compared with that in untreated mice [6].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

S. Typhi Vaccine Strain Ty21a Can Cause a Generalized Infection in Whole Body‐Irradiated But Not in Hydrocortisone‐Treated Mice

1995

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Various mutations including galE- in the S.typhi vaccine strain Ty21a are thought to prevent proliferation of these micro-organisms in the host, and elimination of Ty21a would occur independent of the immune system of the host. To investigate this issue, we determined whether Ty21a can proliferate in immunosuppressed mice, and assessed the role of phagocytes in the eradication of Ty21a from tissues. Mice were rendered lymphocytopenic and monocytopenic by hydrocortisone s.c., or were made leucocytopenic by whole body irradiation. Bacteria were injected into a tail vene to evaluate eradication from the blood, liver and spleen, and into thigh muscle, i.e. a tissue that lacks resident macrophages. Ty21a were grown overnight in glucose [glu], or galactose and glucose [gal.glu]; only the Ty21a [gal.glu] expressed somatic O-antigens. After i.v. injection of 10(4) to 10(6) micro-organisms, Ty21a were rapidly eliminated from the liver and spleen of normal and immunosuppressed mice, i.e. within 1 day a 95% reduction of bacterial counts was observed. After i.m. injection of 10(4) to 10(6) bacteria, the number of viable Ty21a decreased in normal and hydrocortisone-treated mice, but in irradiated mice the micro-organisms proliferated and caused generalized infection. In all cases, Ty21a [glu] was eliminated more rapidly than Ty21a [gal.glu], confirming reports that killing of bacteria that lack O-antigens is more rapid than that of smooth bacteria of the same species. These results indicate that elimination of the vaccine strain against typhoid fever, Ty21a, from host tissues is not due to an intrinsic property of the micro-organisms that prevents proliferation but instead depends on the action of resident macrophages and exudate monocytes and granulocytes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

S. Typhi Vaccine Strain Ty21a Can Cause a Generalized Infection in Whole Body‐Irradiated But Not in Hydrocortisone‐Treated Mice

1995

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“…It has been shown that the proportion of rough LPS molecules varies among smooth organisms (12,16,27,34). The amount of rough and smooth LPSs within wild-type organisms may also vary with growth conditions, in some cases leading to an even higher percentage being rough (48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of the human antiendotoxin immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody HA-1A with lipopolysaccharides from rough and smooth gram-negative organisms

Mascelli¹,

Frederick²,

Ely³

et al. 1993

Infect Immun

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Clinical data suggest that the human immunoglobulin M antiendotoxin antibody HA-1A reduced mortality in patients diagnosed with gram-negative bacteremia and bacteremia with shock. Previous studies have demonstrated that HA-1A binds to the lipid A domain of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The present study evaluated the ability of HA-1A to interact with LPSs isolated from various strains of gram-negative bacteria by using liquid-phase rate nephelometry and solid-phase immunoblotting assays. HA-1A formed immune complexes in solution with LPSs isolated from both rough and smooth gram-negative organisms. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of these LPS preparations revealed that HA-1A bound to LPS isolated from rough gram-negative organisms and to a rough LPS-like component present in smooth LPS. HA-1A also bound to LPS-protein complexes found in certain commercial rough LPS preparations. Preincubation of HA-1A with lipid A completely blocked subsequent binding of HA-1A to LPS in both liquid-and solid-phase assay formats, suggesting that the interaction of HA-lA with LPS is through the lipid A domain. Evidence that the binding of HA-lA to LPS was mediated through the antigen-combining (Fv) region of the antibody was provided by the finding that a murine anti-idiotypic antibody to HA-1A inhibited binding. These findings suggested that the broad antiendotoxin reactivity exhibited by HA-1A appeared to be due to the ability of HA-1A to bind to the conserved lipid A moiety of LPSs derived from both smooth-and rough-phenotype gram,-negative bacterial strains.

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“…These temperature-induced changes in LPS heterogeneity reportedly affected various cell surface properties including bacteriophage-inactivating capacity (24) and efficiency in plasmid transformation (1). Altering growth conditions, such as medium composition, is also reported to modulate the LPS chain length of Escherichia coli and to alter the sensitivity of the cells to a neutrophil bactericidal protein (36). Further, growth of P. aeruginosa in low magnesium or adaptive growth in polymyxin or aminoglycosides alters the sensitivity of the cells to EDTA and polymyxin (12,17,33).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth-dependent alterations in production of serotype-specific and common antigen lipopolysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

McGroarty

Rivera

1990

Infect Immun

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOI was grown in various media and at different temperatures, and the heterogeneity of the extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was characterized by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The size distributions of the serotype-specific LPS and the common antigen LPS were analyzed on Western blots (immunoblots). Cells grown at high, near-growth-limiting temperatures, at low pH, in low concentrations of phosphate, or in high concentrations of NaCl, MgCl2, glycerol, or sucrose produced decreased amounts of the very long chain population of 0-antigen LPS molecules. Lower temperatures and lowered glycerol, lowered sucrose, low sulfate, lower salt concentrations, and elevated pH did not significantly affect the level of this LPS population. The size and amount of common antigen LPS was either unaffected or increased slightly when the cells were grown under the above stress conditions. Cells grown under normal, nonstressed conditions were agglutinated only by serotype-specific antibodies. In contrast, cells grown under stress conditions, in which the long-0-polymer LPS was absent, were agglutinated by both serotype-specific and common antigen-specific antibodies. The results indicate that the long 0 polymers cover and mask the shorter common antigen. However, specific growth conditions limit the production of the long 0 polymer, allowing the exposure and reactivity of the common antigen on the cell surface. 1030 on July 31, 2020 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ Downloaded from

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Environmental modulation of lipopolysaccharide chain length alters the sensitivity of Escherichia coli to the neutrophil bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein

Cited by 55 publications

References 36 publications

S. Typhi Vaccine Strain Ty21a Can Cause a Generalized Infection in Whole Body‐Irradiated But Not in Hydrocortisone‐Treated Mice

S. Typhi Vaccine Strain Ty21a Can Cause a Generalized Infection in Whole Body‐Irradiated But Not in Hydrocortisone‐Treated Mice

Reactivity of the human antiendotoxin immunoglobulin M monoclonal antibody HA-1A with lipopolysaccharides from rough and smooth gram-negative organisms

Growth-dependent alterations in production of serotype-specific and common antigen lipopolysaccharides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1

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