Environmental monitoring and potential health risk assessment from Pymetrozine exposure among communities in typical rice-growing areas of China

Tudi, Muyesaier; Wang, Li; Ruan, Huada Daniel; Tong, Shuangmei; Atabila, Albert; Sadler, Ross; Qian, Yu; Connell, Des; Phung, Dung

doi:10.1007/s11356-022-19927-z

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Tudi. et al [12] discussed the potential chronic health risk of pymetrozine in soil and water in typical rice-growing areas of China; the results showed that the potential lifetime non-cancer risks associated with soil exposure for adults in both areas were higher than the potential non-cancer lifetime risks associated with dermal contact with paddy water. The potential non-cancer lifetime risks associated with soil exposure for adults in both areas were lower than the potential non-cancer lifetime risks associated with ingestion exposure to soil in both areas.…”

Section: Chronic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency [9] to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in the workplace [10] and indirectly through environmental media, such as air, water, soil, and the food chain, which may be contaminated with pesticides [11,12]. Dermal, oral, and respiratory routes are the main common pathways by which pesticides enter the human body [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Tudi

et al. 2022

Toxics

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137

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Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application. The health problems related to pesticide application and exposure in developing countries are of particular concern. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific information for policymakers in order to allow the development of proper pesticide application technics and methods to minimize pesticide exposure and the adverse health effects on both applicators and communities. Studies indicate that there are four main pesticide application methods, including hydraulic spraying, backpack spraying, basal trunk spraying, and aerial spraying. Pesticide application methods are mainly selected by considering the habits of target pests, the characteristics of target sites, and the properties of pesticides. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in occupational, agricultural, and household activities and are indirectly exposed to pesticides via environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. Human exposure to pesticides occurs mainly through dermal, oral, and respiratory routes. People who are directly and/or indirectly exposed to pesticides may contract acute toxicity effects and chronic diseases. Although no segment of the general population is completely protected against exposure to pesticides and their potentially serious health effects, a disproportionate burden is shouldered by people in developing countries. Both deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessments have their advantages and disadvantages and both types of methods should be comprehensively implemented in research on exposure and human health risk assessment. Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Policymakers should implement various useful measures, such as integrated pest management (IPM) laws that prohibit the use of pesticides with high risks and the development of a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on human health.

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Section: Chronic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Tudi

et al. 2022

Toxics

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137

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“…There is limited information on the cancer risk posed by pymetrozine for food products. Based on Tudi et al, (30), the potential total cancer risk due to ingestion and skin exposure via soil and paddy water for people of Guangxi and Hunan Province was estimated to be less than 1x10 −6 .…”

Section: Health Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Pesticides in Polished Rice Samples From Tanjung Karang and Sekinchan and the Health Risk among Consumers

Ho,

Zabaruddin,

Tan

2023

MJMHS

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Introduction: One of the key staple foods in many different countries, including Malaysia, is rice (Oryzae sativa L.). Pesticides are used to reduce weed growth and safeguard crops from insect attacks in order to boost paddy output. Objective: This research quantifies the concentration of pymetrozine, chlorantraniliprole, and difenoconazole, along with any potential health risks to consumers. Methods: Samples of polished rice from three rice milling factories in Tanjung Karang and Sekinchan were extracted using the QuEChERS (Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) technique. The amount of pesticide residue in polished rice was then measured using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). A health risk assessment was conducted utilizing the Hazard Quotient (HQ) and Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) to estimate the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. Results: The mean concentration of pesticides in polished rice ranged from less than the detection limit (difenoconazole) to 1.122 µg/kg (pymetrozine). No rice samples above the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) specified in the Food Act 1983 as implemented by Malaysia’s Food Regulations 1985. Pymetrozine, chlorantraniliprole, and difenoconazole in rice had respective MRLs of 50 µg/kg, 2000 µg/kg, and 100 µg/kg. For all age groups, no significant non-carcinogenic health risk was associated with consuming polished rice from the study area, where the HQ and Hazard Index (HI) were less than one. When LCR values were less than 10-6, carcinogenic health risks of consuming polished rice from the study area were at a clearly acceptable risk level. Conclusion: As no sample exceeded the MRL, the findings indicated that all rice samples collected from Tanjung Karang and Sekinchan were safe for consumption.

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“…Previous studies on the contamination, exposure, and health risk assessment of Pymetrozine via environmental routes [20,21,24,[106][107][108][109][110] are described in the following paragraphs. [24] carried out field trials in supervised rice fields in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Beijing for two consecutive years.…”

Section: Pymetrozinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because organophosphorus pesticides are extensively used, they enter the natural environment and pollute water, soil, and sediments [19], posing a high potential risk to wildlife and human health [20]. Consequently, it was banned by the Chinese government in 2018 [21]. Currently, Pymetrozine and Avermectin have replaced toxic organophosphorus insecticides (Chlorpyrifos), which were previously used on rice crops in China [7,17,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28] and continue to be used in some other countries of the world [29][30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Human Health Hazards from Chlorpyrifos, Pymetrozine and Avermectin Application in China under a Climate Change Scenario: A Comprehensive Review

Tudi,

Yang,

Wang

et al. 2023

Agriculture

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Chlorpyrifos has been used extensively for decades to control crop pests and disease-transmitting insects; its contribution to increasing food security and minimizing the spread of diseases has been well documented. Pymetrozine and Avermectin (also known as abamectin) have been used to replace the toxic organophosphate insecticides (e.g., Chlorpyrifos) applied to rice crops in China, where the overuse of pesticides has occurred. In addition, climate change has exacerbated pesticide use and pollution. Thus, farmers and communities are at risk of exposure to pesticide pollution. This study reviews the contamination, exposure, and health risks through environmental and biological monitoring of the legacy pesticide Chlorpyrifos and currently used insecticides Pymetrozine and Avermectin in China; it investigates whether changes in pesticide usage from Chlorpyrifos to Pymetrozine and Avermectin reduce pesticide contamination and health hazards to communities and residents. In addition, this review discusses whether Pymetrozine and Avermectin applications could be recommended in other countries where farmers largely use Chlorpyrifos and are exposed to high health risks under climate change scenarios. Although Chlorpyrifos is now banned in China, farmers and residents exposed to Chlorpyrifos are still experiencing adverse health effects. Local farmers still consider Chlorpyrifos an effective pesticide and continue to use it illegally in some areas. As a result, the concentration levels of Chlorpyrifos still exceed risk-based thresholds, and the occurrence of Chlorpyrifos with high toxicity in multiple environmental routes causes serious health effects owing to its long-term and wide application. The bioaccumulation of the currently used insecticides Pymetrozine and Avermectin in the environment is unlikely. Pymetrozine and Avermectin used in paddy water and soil for crop growth do not pose a significant hazard to public health. A change in pesticide use from Chlorpyrifos to Pymetrozine and Avermectin can reduce the pesticide contamination of the environment and health hazards to communities and residents. Finally, we recommend Pymetrozine and Avermectin in other countries, such as Vietnam, and countries in Africa, such as Ghana, where farmers still largely use Chlorpyrifos.

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Environmental monitoring and potential health risk assessment from Pymetrozine exposure among communities in typical rice-growing areas of China

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application

Occurrence of Pesticides in Polished Rice Samples From Tanjung Karang and Sekinchan and the Health Risk among Consumers

Environmental and Human Health Hazards from Chlorpyrifos, Pymetrozine and Avermectin Application in China under a Climate Change Scenario: A Comprehensive Review

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