Environmental monitoring approaches used during bioremediation of soils contaminated with hazardous explosive chemicals

Celin, S. Mary; Sahai, Sandeep; Kalsi, Anchita; Bhanot, Pallvi

doi:10.1016/j.teac.2020.e00088

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Regarding the respirometry results, the increase observed in treatments with nanosilica is due to the activity of the microorganisms present in the soil being favored by the silica nanoparticles, which modify the redox conditions [30] by acting as electron acceptors and thereby support bacterial respiration in anaerobic conditions. Treatment 7 had the worst performance in this case, with a decrease to 5.5 mg of CO 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Use of Lime and Nanosilica for the Improvement of Clay Soil Structure and Degradation of Hydrocarbons

et al. 2022

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Soil structure is an important key in the bioremediation process; for instance, clay soils tend to have high absorption of pollutants and low rates of bioremediation due to their high plasticity and oxygen restrictions. This work assesses seven different treatments for contaminated clay soil using lime, silica nanoparticles, and both components in combination. After a three-month treatment, the variation of the soil granulometry, pH, porosity, cation exchange capacity (CEC), humidity, organic matter, respirometry, and humic acids were measured in order to evaluate the improvements regarding soil structure. Furthermore, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals were monitored before and after the treatments. The combined treatment using lime and nanosilica presented the best results, reducing the percentage of clays from 61% to 5% and showing a relationship between improved of soil structure and the reduction of pollutants, with a 35% removal for TPHs being the highest obtained with the seven treatments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Use of Lime and Nanosilica for the Improvement of Clay Soil Structure and Degradation of Hydrocarbons

et al. 2022

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“…Glass jars and polythene bags are used for the collection of these samples (Thiboutot et al, 2002). As nitroaromatic and nitramine explosives are photosensitive, amber‐colored sample storage containers should be preferably used (Celin et al, 2020).…”

Section: Environmental Analysis Of Explosives By Lc‐ms/ms–steps Involvedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of explosive contaminants in soil and water depends on various fate and transport mechanisms that take place in the entire soil profile including soil surface, unsaturated and saturated zones, biotic transformation by flora and fauna, abiotic transformation by reduction and hydrolysis, soil adsorption and desorption, leaching and distribution are the major mechanisms that are responsible for the extent of explosive concentration. Biogeochemical factors such as uptake by biota, photolysis, volatilization, and precipitation also influence the explosive distribution in soil/groundwater environment (Celin et al, 2020). Owing to the toxic and reactive potential, characterization of contaminated sites and detection of these hazardous chemicals by LC‐MS/MS has been successful and provides necessary inputs for risk assessment.…”

Section: Application Aspects Of Lc‐ms/ms For Explosives In Soil/sedim...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in environmental monitoring of high explosives present in soil/sediment/groundwater using LC‐MS/MS

Celin

Sharma

Bhanot

et al. 2022

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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Environmental contamination by explosives occurs due to improper handling and disposal procedures. Explosives and their transformation products pose threat to human health and the ecosystem. Trace level detection of explosives present in different environmental matrices is a challenge, due to the interference caused by matrix components and the presence of cocontaminants. Liquid chromatography combined with tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) is an advanced analytical tool, which is ideal for quantitative and qualitative detection of explosives and its metabolites at trace levels. This review aims to showcase the current trends in the application of LC‐MS/MS for detecting explosives present in soil, sediment, and groundwater with detection limits ranging from nano to femtogram levels. Specificity and advantages of using LC‐MS/MS over conventional analytical methods and various processing methods and techniques used for sample preparation are discussed in this article. Important application aspects of LC‐MS/MS on environmental monitoring include site characterization and degradation evaluation. Studies on qualitative and quantitative LC‐MS/MS analysis in determining the efficiency of treatment processes and contamination mapping, optimized conditions of LC and MS/MS adopted, role of different ionization techniques and mass analyzers in detection of explosives and its metabolites, relative abundance of various product ions formed on dissociation and the levels of detection achieved are reviewed. Ionization suppression, matrix effect, additive selection are some of the major factors which influence MS/MS detection. A summary of challenges and future research insights for effective utilization of this technique in the environmental monitoring of explosives are presented.

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“…According to the theory of mixing and melt conveying [26], the lengthening of the metering section is beneficial to the homogenization. The length of the metering section can be obtained as: (4) where Q p refers to the loss of production due to machine head pressure and does not exceed 5 % of total output.…”

Section: Apparatus and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Explosives industry is one of the leading pollution sources in the national defense field, which exerts great pressure on the environment. Conceivably, demilitarization and green process of waste explosives naturally become the focus of international research in the recent years [1][2][3][4]. The treatment methods by which the explosive is safely dismantled or destroyed include dumping into the deep sea, burying in the ground, and incineration to destroy [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Single Screw Extrusion Process for Thermoplastic PBX Based on PVT Properties

Bu¹,

chen²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Much of surplus ammunition stockpile inevitably requires demilitarized processing technology in the explosives industry. For the safe waste treatment and recycle, the thermoplastic polymer bonded explosive (PBX) can effectively reduce the military cost and non-conforming products. In addition, the thermoplastic PBX has excellent application prospect as the future explosive due to the good mechanical properties and insensitivity. However, for high solid content, most of thermoplastic PBXs still maintain a considerable viscosity even in high-temperature melting state, rendering traditional casting process unsuitable. In this study, a measuring method was adopted to accurately obtain the correlation of Pressure-Volume-Temperature (PVT) for the simulative materials of thermoplastic PBX at first. The equations of state for PVT and viscosity model were then created, which are of great significance in single screw extrusion. An experiment system of single screw extrusion was designed to implement the molding process considering the poor liquidity problem of the ther-moplastic materials. Excellent molding stability (1 < 0.5 % variation) was achieved for the extrusion system. Moreover, a numerical investigation was also performed. Good agreements were yielded by comparing the simulation data and experimental results. The effects of operational parameters, i. e., the entrance pressure, barrel temperature and rotation speed on molding process of the thermoplastic materials were investigated in detail. The wall shear stress decreases with the feed inlet well sealed whereas the maximum temperature rise increases a little due to limited thermal diffusion. Either increasing temperature or decreasing rotation speed is beneficial to overall process safety. However, production cycle and attainable molding density also need to be considered at the same time. Furthermore, the process parameters should be optimized on the basis of the PVT and viscosity properties of material in practice. The investigations above can be a better guidance for the development and implementation of thermoplastic PBXs molding process.

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Environmental monitoring approaches used during bioremediation of soils contaminated with hazardous explosive chemicals

Cited by 21 publications

References 113 publications

Evaluation of the Use of Lime and Nanosilica for the Improvement of Clay Soil Structure and Degradation of Hydrocarbons

Evaluation of the Use of Lime and Nanosilica for the Improvement of Clay Soil Structure and Degradation of Hydrocarbons

Trends in environmental monitoring of high explosives present in soil/sediment/groundwater using LC‐MS/MS

Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Single Screw Extrusion Process for Thermoplastic PBX Based on PVT Properties

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