Environmental monitoring at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. 1979 annual report

Silver, W.J.; Lindeken, C.L.; Wong, K.M.; Conover, A.; White, James Herbert.

doi:10.2172/5303299

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Further exploration of the Z-pinch in which magnetic fields in the megagauss range can be produced, indicated that some enhancement of stability could be possible due to finite ion Larmor radius effects, e.g. Bayley et al, [131] Struve [132], Davies et al [14], or finite resistivity, e.g. Culverwell et al [133], Cochran and Robson [134]: or sheared axial flow, e.g.…”

Section: Regimes For Stability Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiments on the compressional pinch have indicated a reduction in growth rate under large Larmor radius conditions [131,132,182] but it is difficult to be more precise because of the time limitations of the experiments. Compression Z-pinch experiments can be devised such that at first compression i τ i is larger than 1 and a i /a is optimal at ∼0.1 [183].…”

Section: Large Ion Larmor Radius (Llr) Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of the denseZ-pinch

Haines

2011

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

391

184

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The Z-pinch, perhaps the oldest subject in plasma physics, has achieved a remarkable renaissance in recent years, following a few decades of neglect due to its basically unstable MHD character. Using wire arrays, a significant transition at high wire number led to a great improvement in both compression and uniformity of the Z-pinch. Resulting from this the Z-accelerator at Sandia at 20 MA in 100 ns has produced a powerful, short pulse, soft x-ray source >230 TW for 4.5 ns) at a high efficiency of ∼15%. This has applications to inertial confinement fusion. Several hohlraum designs have been tested. The vacuum hohlraum has demonstrated the control of symmetry of irradiation on a capsule, while the dynamic hohlraum at a higher radiation temperature of 230 eV has compressed a capsule from 2 mm to 0.8 mm diameter with a neutron yield >3 × 10 11 thermal DD neutrons, a record for any capsule implosion. World record ion temperatures of >200 keV have recently been measured in a stainless-steel plasma designed for Kα emission at stagnation, due, it was predicted, to ion-viscous heating associated with the dissipation of fast-growing short wavelength nonlinear MHD instabilities. Direct fusion experiments using deuterium gas-puffs have yielded 3.9×10 13 neutrons with only 5% asymmetry, suggesting for the first time a mainly thermal source. The physics of wire-array implosions is a dominant theme. It is concerned with the transformation of wires to liquid-vapour expanding cores; then the generation of a surrounding plasma corona which carries most of the current, with inward flowing low magnetic Reynolds number jets correlated with axial instabilities on each wire; later an almost constant velocity, snowplough-like implosion occurs during which gaps appear in the cores, leading to stagnation on the axis, and the production of the main soft-x-ray pulse. These studies have been pursued also with smaller facilities in other laboratories around the world. At Imperial College, conical and radial wire arrays have led to highly collimated tungsten plasma jets with a Mach number of >20, allowing laboratory astrophysics experiments to be undertaken. These highlights will be underpinned in this review with the basic physics of Z-pinches including stability, kinetic effects, and finally its applications.

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Section: Regimes For Stability Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large Ion Larmor Radius (Llr) Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the denseZ-pinch

Haines

2011

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

391

184

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“…LLNL's first use of these dose-rate formulas in our environmental annual reports is described by Silver et al (1980).…”

Section: Ground Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Site Annual Environmental Report for 1997 (SAER)

Biermann¹,

Althouse²,

Brandstetter³

et al. 1998

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“…Beginning in 1975, quarterly samples were obtained from the drainage ditch at the northwest corner of the site and analyzed for pesticides (Silver et al 1976). This monitoring program continued unchanged for a number of years (Silver et al 1977, Silver et al 1978, Silver et al, 1979, Silver et al 1980, Toy et al 1981, with quantitative results for pesticide monitoring first being published in 1978. Beginning in 1981, storm water samples were also analyzed for gross alpha, gross beta, and tritium (Auyong, Griggs, and Buddemeir 1982).…”

Section: Storm Water Runoff Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the Environmental Protection Agency`s data quality objective process to environmental monitoring quality control

Garcia

1995

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Application of the Environmental Protection Agency's Data Quality Objective Process to Environmental Monitoring Quality Control The United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Data Quality Objectives (DQO) process was applied to two environmental monitoring networks for the purpose of optimizing field quality control sampling to give the highest quality monitoring data with minimal impact on resources. The DQO process, developed primarily to aid in cleanup and restoration activities, is a systematic approach to designing sampling and analysis programs with improved efficiency, cost savings, and measureable and traceable data quality. The two monitoring networks studied had not been subjected to the systematic review and analysis of the DQO process defined by the EPA.

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Environmental monitoring at the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory. 1979 annual report

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

A review of the denseZ-pinch

A review of the denseZ-pinch

Site Annual Environmental Report for 1997 (SAER)

Application of the Environmental Protection Agency`s data quality objective process to environmental monitoring quality control

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