Environmental Monitoring of Occupational Exposure to Cyclophosphamide Drug in Two Iranian Hospitals

Azari, Mansour Rezazadeh; Panahi, Davoud; Akbari, Mohammad Esmaeil; Rezvani, Hamid; Zendehdel, Rezvan; Mehrabi, Yadollah; Bayatian, Majid

doi:10.17795/ijcp-7229

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…1 at hospital A. CPA was detected in the skin samples of oncology personnel at two hospitals within the range of 83.1 to 144.35 ng/wipe. The result of the statistical analysis of the correlation between skin samples obtained from the author's previous study (34) and the urine samples taken from the same personnel in this study were significant (P = 0.002, R = 0.67). Based on an observational field study in our hospitals, the majority of the personnel do not follow the guidelines and procedures recommended by international institutions and do not use the recommended safety equipment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Occupational exposure to CPA drug was reported to be taking place through respiratory and skin routes (35)(36)(37). The authors of this study have recently published articles measuring the external exposure of the same oncology personnel's exposure to CPA through the skin route (34,38). In accordance with our previous data for the external occupational exposure to CPA through skin contamination, and also with the data from the urinary concentration of the same group of personnel in the present study, significant statistical correlation was observed (P < 0.05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The Microsoft Excel 2007 was used to calculate the method parameters. The correlation between urine and previous author's (34) skin monitoring results was examined with Pearson's rank correlation coefficient. The P = 0.050 is considered significant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an author's previous study (34), skin sampling was taken from all personnel (N = 32) that participated in this study. The highest concentration of CPA in the dermal sample (144.35 ng/wipe) was detected on the hands of an employee, who worked in preparation room No.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Monitoring of the Oncology Healthcare Staff Exposed to Cyclophosphamide in Two Hospitals in Tehran

et al. 2019

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Background: Antineoplastic drugs as chemotherapy agents are used for various therapeutic purposes. Occupational exposure to antineoplastic drugs is possible through inhalation, skin contact, skin absorption, and digestive or injection. Assessment of occupational exposure of staff working with anti-neoplastic drugs has been a major concern among practitioners and occupational health and safety managers. Objectives: Considering the importance of safeguarding oncology personnel against antineoplastic drugs, the aim of this study was to validate a method for analysing cyclophosphamide (CPA) in urine samples as the biomarker of the exposure of oncology personnel of two hospitals in Tehran. Methods: Standard urine samples were obtained from a healthy man without having any exposure to CPA drug. The standards urine samples of CPA within the concentration range of 0.02 to 50 microgram per liter (µg/L) were prepared by diluting the urine stock solution. Ifosfamide (IFO) was added as an internal standard at a concentration of 20 µg/L. CPA and IFO analysis by gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) in this study was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for verification of their peak retention times and MS signature at 95% confidence. Results: Urinary CPA concentrations as the biomarker of the exposure of the oncology personnel were detected within the range of 0.52 to 21.4 µg/L. The drug presence in the urine of 31% (10 of 32) of two hospital staff indicate the biological monitoring potential to recognition of worker's exposure. Conclusions: In general, biological monitoring of oncology personnel could be a useful tool for assessing occupational exposure through all routes and efficacy of the current safety measures. Owing to higher values of urinary CPA in this study compared to the studies of their colleagues abroad stringent control measures were deemed necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biological Monitoring of the Oncology Healthcare Staff Exposed to Cyclophosphamide in Two Hospitals in Tehran

et al. 2019

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“…Readers interested in more information on computing topological indices of the link of graphs can be referred to Refs. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Vertex-Degree-Based Invariants of Link of Graphs with Application in Dendrimers

Azari¹,

Falahati-Nezhad²

2015

j comput theor nanosci

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Let G 1 and G 2 be simple connected graphs with disjoint vertex sets V G 1 and V G 2 , respectively. For given vertices a 1 ∈ V G 1 and a 2 ∈ V G 2 , a link of G 1 and G 2 by vertices a 1 and a 2 is obtained by joining a 1 and a 2 by an edge in the union of G 1 and G 2 . In this paper, we present exact formulas for computing the Randić connectivity index, sum-connectivity index, harmonic index, atom-bond connectivity index, and geometric-arithmetic index of the link of graphs. Results are applied to obtain exact formulas for computing these vertex-degree based invariants for a class of nanostar dendrimers.

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LC–MS-MS Determination of Cytostatic Drugs on Surfaces and in Urine to Assess Occupational Exposure

Lema-Atán

Lendoiro

Paniagua-González

et al. 2022

Journal of Analytical Toxicology

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The ever-increased usage of cytostatic drugs leads to high risk of exposure among healthcare workers. Moreover, workers are exposed to multiple compounds throughout their lives, leading to cumulative and chronic exposure. Therefore, multianalyte methods are the most suitable for exposure assessment, which minimizes the risks from handling cytostatic drugs and ensures adequate contamination containment. This study describes the development and full validation of two liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods for the detection of gemcitabine, dacarbazine, methotrexate, irinotecan, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicinol, doxorubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, vinorelbine, docetaxel and paclitaxel in working surfaces and urine samples. The urine method is the first to measure vinorelbine and doxorubicinol. For surfaces, limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) were 5–100 pg/cm2, and linearity was achieved up to 500 pg/cm2. Inaccuracy was between −11.0 and 8.4%. Intra-day, inter-day and total imprecision were <20%, except for etoposide and irinotecan (<22.1%). In urine, LOD and LOQ were 5–250 pg/mL, with a linear range up to 1,000–5,000 pg/mL. Inaccuracy was between −3.8 and 14.9%. Imprecision was <12.4%. Matrix effect was from −58.3 to 1,268.9% and from −66.7 to 1,636% in surface and urine samples, respectively, and extraction efficiency from 10.8 to 75% and 47.1 to 130.4%, respectively. All the analytes showed autosampler (6°C/72 h), freezer (–22°C/2 months) and freeze/thaw (three cycles) stability. The feasibility of the methods was demonstrated by analyzing real working surfaces and patients’ urine samples. Contamination with gemcitabine, irinotecan, cyclophosphamide, epirubicin and paclitaxel (5–4,641.9 pg/cm2) was found on biological safety cabinets and outpatients’ bathrooms. Analysis of urine from patients under chemotherapy identified the infused drugs at concentrations higher than the upper LOQ. These validated methods will allow a comprehensive evaluation of both environmental and biological contamination in hospital settings and healthcare workers.

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Environmental Monitoring of Occupational Exposure to Cyclophosphamide Drug in Two Iranian Hospitals

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Biological Monitoring of the Oncology Healthcare Staff Exposed to Cyclophosphamide in Two Hospitals in Tehran

Biological Monitoring of the Oncology Healthcare Staff Exposed to Cyclophosphamide in Two Hospitals in Tehran

On Vertex-Degree-Based Invariants of Link of Graphs with Application in Dendrimers

LC–MS-MS Determination of Cytostatic Drugs on Surfaces and in Urine to Assess Occupational Exposure

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