Environmental monitoring of trace elements in bark of Scots pine by thick-target PIXE

Harju, Leo; Saarela, K.-E.; Rajander, Johan; Lill, Jan‐Olof; Lindroos, Alf; Heselius, S.‐J.

doi:10.1016/s0168-583x(01)01031-x

Cited by 56 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In one study, Čeburnis and Steinnes (2000) interpreted the high correlation coefficient among these elements as an indication of air pollution. When the obtained results were compared with those of Harju et al (2002) which represented an unpolluted region, Merimasku, our results were slightly higher than those given values. However, Schulz et al (1999) reported Pb and Cd values of 15.2 and 0.2 in an unpolluted area, Neuglobsow, and in the Thrace region their values were 12.9 and 0.16 respectively.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

“…Among these biomonitors, tree bark is known to absorb and accumulate airborne contaminants and has been therefore used for the monitoring of atmospheric pollution (Huhn et al, 1995;Böhm et al, 1998;Odukoya et al, 2000). Airborne pollutants are mostly accumulated in the outer bark of trees (Harju et al, 2002). Pine species can be found easily in or around big cities and close to other pollution sources rather than moss and lichen species, but there is a disadvantage in using pine species due to absorption of a certain amount of pollutants via the root system from the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toxic Metals in the Austrian Pine (Pinus Nigra) Bark in the Thrace Region, Turkey

Çoşkun

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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Austrian pine (Pinus nigra) bark was collected in thirty-seven localities in the Thrace region, Turkey, for the determination of airborne toxic metal distribution. Five toxic metals, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, were monitored using atomic absorption spectrometry. Distribution maps of toxic elements in the region were plotted according to Geographic Information System technology. In general, the concentrations of all investigated elements were not high in the region apart from the vicinity of big cities, Tekirdag, Istanbul and, close to Bulgarian border. However, the highest concentrations were not at pollution level. They have a similar distribution pattern throughout the region.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 72%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxic Metals in the Austrian Pine (Pinus Nigra) Bark in the Thrace Region, Turkey

Çoşkun

2006

Environ Monit Assess

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“…Higher plants have emerged in recent years as a valuable tool enabling identification of environmental pollution (Markert et al 1996, Carreras and Pignata 2002, Klumpp et al 2002, Outola et al 2003, Schröder et al 2003, Adamoa et al 2004, Jackson et al 2004, Trimbacher and Weiss 2004. Increased metal concentrations and decreased pH values have been reported in the tree barks from the high industrial activity, increased urbanization, increased acidic precipitation and high traffic loads (Kuik and Wolterbeek 1994, Tüerkan et al 1995, Santamaría and Martía 1997, Böhm et al 1998, Pacheco et al 2001, El-Hasan et al 2002, Pacheco et al 2002, Pacheco et al 2003, Bellis et al 2001, Harju et al 2002. A problem exists with the interpretation of chemical data from the tree barks.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy metals in bark of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) as an indicator of atmospheric deposition near a smeltery at Qujiang, China

et al. 2006

Env Sci Poll Res Int

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Levels of Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni and Pb at Qujiang, both in the inner and the outer bark, were statistically higher than those at Dinghushan. Higher concentrations of Pb, Fe, Zn and Cu may come from the stem-flow of elements leached from the canopy, soil splash on the 1.5 m height and sorption of metals in the mosses and lichens growing on the bark, which were direct or indirect results from the atmospheric deposition. Levels of heavy metals in the outer barks were associated well with the metal concentrations in the soil, reflecting the close relationships between the metal atmospheric deposition and their accumulation in the outer bark of Masson pine. The significant (p<0.01) correlations of FeCu, Fe-Cr, Fe-Pb, Fe-Ni, Pb-Ni, and Pb-Zn in the outer barks at Qujiang again suggested a common source for the metals. The correlation only occurred between Pb and Ni, Cd and Co in the outer barks at Dinghushan, which suggested that those metals must possibly have other uncommon sources. Conclusions. Atmospheric deposition of the selected metals was great at Qujiang, based on the levels in the bark of Pinus massoniana and on the concentrations in the soils beneath the trees compared with that at Dinghushan. Bark of Pinus massoniana, especially the outer bark, was an indicator of metal loading at least at the time of sampling. Recommendations and Perspectives. The results from this study and the techniques employed constituted a new contribution to the development of biogeochemical methods for environmental monitoring particularly in areas with high frequency of pollution in China. The method would be of value for follow up studies aimed at the assessment of industrial pollution in other areas similar with the Pearl River Delta. AbstractGoal, Scope and Background. Rapid urbanization and the expansion of industrial activities in the past several decades have led to large increases in emissions of pollutants in the Pearl River Delta of south China. Recent reports have suggested that industrial emission is a major factor contributing to the damages in current natural ecosystem in the Delta area. Tree barks have been used successfully to monitor the levels of atmospheric metal deposition in many areas, but rarely in China. This study aimed at determining whether atmospheric heavy metal deposition from a PbZn smeltery at Qujiang, Guangdong province, could be accurately reflected both in the inner bark and the outer bark of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.). The impact of the emission from smeltery on the soils beneath the trees and the relationships of the concentrations between the soils and the barks were also analyzed. Methods.Barks around the bole of Pinus massoniana from a pine forest near a Pb-Zn smeltery at Qujiang and a reference forest at Dinghushan natural reserve were sampled with a stainless knife at an average height of 1.5 m above the ground. Mosses and lichens on the surface barks were cleaned prior to sampling. The samples were carefully divided into the inner bark (living part) and the outer bark (dead part) in ...

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“…Nunes et al (1999) had reported 2,3% for P. pinea bark. In other pine barks values of 1-4% were referred for P. sylvestris bark (Harju et al 2002, Werkelin et al 2005, Saarela et al 2005, Miranda et al 2012) 1,8% for P. brutia (Akyuz et al 2003) and 0,5-1,2% for P. pinaster (Vázquez et al 1987b, Nunes et al 1996.…”

Section: Bark Fractioningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fractioning of bark of Pinus pinea by milling and chemical characterization of the different fractions

Miranda

Mirra

Gominho

et al. 2017

Maderas, Cienc. tecnol.

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The bark of stone pine (Pinus pinea) from 50 year old trees grown in Portugal was submitted to grinding and fractioning into different particles sizes. The trees had a thick bark with an average 3,7 cm constituted mainly by the periderm and rhytidome (3,2 cm).The bark fractured easily into particles: yield of fines was low, and 74,0% of the particles were over 2 mm. The chemical composition, as a mass weighed average of all granulometric fractions showed a content of 1,1% ash 20,6% extractives (91% of which polar extractives) 2,2% suberin, 43,0% lignin and 37,6% holocellulose. The percentage of material dissolved by extraction with 1% NaOH was 42,3%. The chemical characterization of the different granulometric fractions showed that extractives were present preferentially in the finest fractions (<80 mesh and 60-80 mesh), representing 34-35%, particularly with enrichment in ethanol soluble extractives, that also showed lower content of lignin. The coarser fractions contained higher proportions of lignin and holocellulose. P. pinea bark grinding and fractionation by particle size may be used to selectively enrich the finest fractions in soluble materials, while the coarser fractions tend to have higher holocellulose content and will be therefore more suitable for carbohydrate related uses.

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Environmental monitoring of trace elements in bark of Scots pine by thick-target PIXE

Cited by 56 publications

References 9 publications

Toxic Metals in the Austrian Pine (Pinus Nigra) Bark in the Thrace Region, Turkey

Toxic Metals in the Austrian Pine (Pinus Nigra) Bark in the Thrace Region, Turkey

Heavy metals in bark of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) as an indicator of atmospheric deposition near a smeltery at Qujiang, China

Fractioning of bark of Pinus pinea by milling and chemical characterization of the different fractions

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