Environmental monitoring using bioassays

Ekelund, Nils; Häder, Donat‐P.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811861-0.00021-8

“…Solid phase assays to detect and quantify analytes are essential in diagnostics and screening, [1,2] drug discovery, [3] environmental monitoring [4] and quality control, [5,6] among others.T he use of as olid phase to immobilize ligands or analytes enables separation steps,while aflat interface further facilitates optical reading and multiplexing.Asaresult, many bioassays today rely on solid surfaces,h ere referred to as "surface assays", including almost all immunoassays. [7] Wellknown examples of surface assays are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), immunohistochemistry,i mmunofluorescence and microarrays.I nr esearch, just these four assay types account for more than 100k new publications per year (results of ak eyword search for these assay names in Scopus for the year 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection‐Enhanced Kinetics in Microtiter Plates for Improved Surface Assay Quantitation and Multiplexing Capabilities

Pereiro

¹

,

Khartchenko

²

,

Lovchik

³

et al. 2021

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Surface assays such as ELISA are pervasive in clinics and research and predominantly standardized in microtiter plates (MTP). MTPs provide many advantages but are often detrimental to surface assay efficiency due to inherent mass transport limitations. Microscale flows can overcome these and largely improve assay kinetics. However, the disruptive nature of microfluidics with existing labware and protocols has narrowed its transformative potential. We present WellProbe, a novel microfluidic concept compatible with MTPs. With it, we show that immunoassays become more sensitive at low concentrations (up to 9× signal improvement in 12× less time), richer in information with 3–4 different kinetic conditions, and can be used to estimate kinetic parameters, minimize washing steps and non‐specific binding, and identify compromised results. We further multiplex single‐well assays combining WellProbe's kinetic regions with tailored microarrays. Finally, we demonstrate our system in a context of immunoglobulin subclass evaluation, increasingly regarded as clinically relevant.

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“…Solid phase assays to detect and quantify analytes are essential in diagnostics and screening [1,2], drug discovery [3], environmental monitoring [4] and quality control [5,6], among others. The use of a solid phase to immobilize ligands or analytes enables separation steps, while a flat interface further facilitates optical reading and multiplexing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection‐Enhanced Kinetics in Microtiter Plates for Improved Surface Assay Quantitation and Multiplexing Capabilities

Pereiro

¹

,

Khartchenko

²

,

Lovchik

³

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Surface assays such as ELISA are pervasive in clinics and research and predominantly standardized in microtiter plates (MTP). MTPs provide many advantages but are often detrimental to surface assay efficiency due to inherent mass transport limitations. Microscale flows can overcome these and largely improve assay kinetics. However, the disruptive nature of microfluidics with existing labware and protocols has narrowed its transformative potential. We present WellProbe, a novel microfluidic concept compatible with MTPs. With it, we show that immunoassays become more sensitive at low concentrations (up to 9× signal improvement in 12× less time), richer in information with 3–4 different kinetic conditions, and can be used to estimate kinetic parameters, minimize washing steps and non‐specific binding, and identify compromised results. We further multiplex single‐well assays combining WellProbe's kinetic regions with tailored microarrays. Finally, we demonstrate our system in a context of immunoglobulin subclass evaluation, increasingly regarded as clinically relevant.

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Impact of urban sewage sludge on soil physico‐chemical properties and phytotoxicity as influenced by soil texture and reuse conditions

Hechmi

¹

,

Hamdi

²

,

Mokni‐Tlili

³

et al. 2020

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Urban sewage sludge (USS) is increasingly applied to agricultural soils, but mixed results have been reported because of variations in reuse conditions. Most field trials have been conducted in cropping systems, which conceal intrinsic soil responses to sludge amendments due to the rhizosphere effect and farming practices. Therefore, the current field study highlights long‐term changes in bare soil properties in strict relationship with soil texture and USS dose. Two agricultural soils (loamy sand [LS] and sandy [S]) were amended annually with increasing sludge rates up to 120 t ha−1 yr−1 for 5 yr under unvegetated conditions. Outcomes showed a USS dose‐dependent variation of all studied parameters in topsoil samples. Soil salinization was the most significant risk related to excessive USS doses. Total dissolved salts (TDS) in saturated paste extracts reached the highest concentrations of 37.2 and 43.1 g L−1 in S soil and LS soil, respectively, treated with 120 t USS ha−1 yr−1. This was also reflected by electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (ECe) exceeding 4,000 µS cm−1 in both treatments. As observed for TDS, fertility indicators and bioavailable metals varied with soil texture due to the greater retention capacity of LS soil owing to higher fine fraction content. Soil phytotoxicity was estimated by the seed germination index (GI) calculated for lettuce, alfalfa, oat, and durum wheat. The GI was species dependent, indicating different degrees of sensitivity or tolerance to increasing USS rates. Lettuce germination was significantly affected by changes in soil conditions showing negative correlations with ECe and soluble metals. In contrast, treatment with USS enhanced the GI of wheat, reflecting higher salinity tolerance and a positive effect of sludge on abiotic conditions that control germination in soil. Therefore, the choice of adapted plant species is the key factor for successful cropping trials in sludge‐amended soils.

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Environmental monitoring using bioassays

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Advection‐Enhanced Kinetics in Microtiter Plates for Improved Surface Assay Quantitation and Multiplexing Capabilities

Advection‐Enhanced Kinetics in Microtiter Plates for Improved Surface Assay Quantitation and Multiplexing Capabilities

Advection‐Enhanced Kinetics in Microtiter Plates for Improved Surface Assay Quantitation and Multiplexing Capabilities

Impact of urban sewage sludge on soil physico‐chemical properties and phytotoxicity as influenced by soil texture and reuse conditions

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