Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore

Seale, Madeleine; Zhdanov, Oleksandr; Cummins, Cathal; Kroll, Erika; Blatt, Mike; Zare‐Behtash, Hossein; Busse, Angela; Mastropaolo, Enrico; Viola, Ignazio Maria; Nakayama, Naomi

doi:10.1101/542696

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Basic patterns of behavior can be assigned to all organisms. For example, some plants may be triggered to release seeds only under certain conditions and propagule dispersal may be allowed to continue until suitable settlement conditions have been met (Grohmann, Hartmann, Kovalev, & Gorb, 2019;Seale et al, 2019). However, behavioral selection is most clearly seen in organisms that can perceive multiple stimuli from their environment and have control over their mobility.…”

Section: Behavioural Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Species-Habitat Associations: Spatial data, predictive models, and ecological insights

Matthiopoulos¹,

Fieberg²,

Aarts³

2020

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Ecologists develop species-habitat association (SHA) models to understand where species occur, why they are there and where else they might be. This knowledge can be used to designate protected areas, estimate anthropogenic impacts on living organisms and assess risks from invasive species or disease spill-over from wildlife to humans. Here, we describe the state of the art in SHA models, looking beyond the apparent correlations between the positions of organisms and their local environment. We highlight the importance of ecological mechanisms, synthesize diverse modelling frameworks and motivate the development of new analytical methods. Above all, we aim to be synthetic, bringing together several of the apparently disconnected pieces of ecological theory, taxonomy, spatiotemporal scales, and mathematical and statistical technique in our field. The first edition of this ebook reviews the ecology of species-habitat associations, the mechanistic interpretation of existing empirical models and their shared statistical foundations that can help us draw scientific insights from field data. It will be of interest to graduate students and professionals looking for an introduction to the ecological and statistical literature of SHAs, practitioners seeking to analyse their data on animal movements or species distributions and quantitative ecologists looking to contribute new methods addressing the limitations of the current incarnations of SHA models.

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Section: Behavioural Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…due to the stochastic nature of resources), they have to learn (Ollason, 1980). Several models are possible for the process of learning, even ones using direct metaphors from statistical laws, such as Bayesian updating (Grohmann et al, 2019;Seale et al, 2019). Photo credit: Half-Seeded Dandelion by Wonglijie -CC BY-SA 3.0.…”

Section: Behavioural Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species-Habitat Associations: Spatial data, predictive models, and ecological insights

Matthiopoulos¹,

Fieberg²,

Aarts³

2020

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“…To investigate the mechanism and dynamics of reversible pappus closure, we imaged dandelion pappi in a bespoke hydration chamber 22 . The extent of pappus closure depends on the amount of water added to the chamber and the pappus reaches a steady state over a period of 30 -60 minutes depending on the dynamics of water addition 22 . In our experiments the pappus angle typically changes by 40 -100°.…”

Section: An Actuator At the Base Of The Pappus Drives Morphingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The haired fruit of the common dandelion undergoes morphing to open or close its flight-enabling pappus [19][20][21] . When the hairs are drawn together and the pappus is closed, the fluid dynamics around the pappus are dramatically altered and the dispersal capacity is modified 22 . This allows the plant to tune dispersal by optimising timing and distances in response to environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dandelion pappus morphing is actuated by radially patterned material swelling

Seale

Kiss

Bovio

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Plants can generate motion by absorbing and releasing water. Such motion often facilitates reproductive success through the dispersal of seeds and fruits or their self-burial into the soil. Asteraceae plants, such as the dandelion, often have a hairy pappus attached to their fruits to allow them to fly and in many cases, these can open and close depending on moisture levels to modify dispersal. Here we demonstrate the relationship between structure, composition and function of the underlying hygroscopic actuator. By investigating the structure and properties of the actuator cell walls we have identified the mechanism by which the dandelion pappus closes and developed a structural computational model that can capture observed pappus closing. This model was used to explore the contribution of differential material domains in the actuator function and the critical design features. We find that the actuator relies on the radial arrangement of vascular bundles and surrounding tissues including cortex and the floral podium around a central cavity. This allows heterogeneous swelling in a radially symmetric manner to co-ordinate precise movements of the pappus hairs attached at the upper flank. This actuator is a derivative of bilayer structures, but is radial and can synchronise the movement of a planar or lateral attachment. The simple, material-based mechanism presents a promising biomimetic potential in robotics and functional materials.

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“…Using computational fluid dynamics and wind tunnel experiments with dandelion pappi, as well as fabricated replicas, she found that the particular geometry and porosity of the pappus allows the generation of a separated vortex ring that keeps them flying (Cummins et al, 2018). Furthermore, she observed differences in New Phytologist pappus detachment depending on environmental conditions (Seale et al, 2019), and is currently exploring the biological significance of these findings. An interest in the evolution of plant form and function was apparent not only from Nakayama's work, but also from a number of other keynote speakers and students working on organisms other than Arabidopsis, including winner of 'best talk' from Miguel P erez-Ant on (Hay Laboratory, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research (MPIPZ), Cologne, Germany) on explosive seed dispersal in Cardamine hirsuta (Hofhuis et al, 2016).…”

Section: Evo-devomentioning

confidence: 99%

ROS production by localized SCHENGEN receptor module drives lignification at subcellular precision

Fujita

et al. 2019

Preprint

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26Production of reactive-oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases (NOXs) impacts many 27 processes in animals and plants and many plant receptor pathways involve rapid, NOX-dependent 28 increases of ROS. Yet, their general reactivity has made it challenging to pinpoint the precise role 29 and direct cellular targets of ROS. A well-understood ROS target in plants are lignin peroxidases 30 in the cell wall. Lignin can be deposited with exquisite spatial control, but the underlying 31 mechanisms have remained elusive. Here we establish a full kinase signaling relay that exerts 32 direct, spatial control over ROS production and lignification within the cell wall. We show that 33 polar localization of a single kinase component is crucial for pathway function. Our data indicates 34 that an intersection of more broadly localized components allows for micrometer-scale precision 35 of lignification and that this system is triggered through initiation of ROS production as a critical 36 peroxidase co-substrate. 37 As in animals, NADPH oxidase-produced ROS in plants is important for a multitude of 38 processes and the number of NADPH oxidase genes (10 in Arabidopsis, called RESPIRATORY 39 BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOGs, RBOHs, A-J) suggests a high complexity of regulation of ROS 40 production in plants. Among its many roles, ROS-dependent regulation of plant cell wall structure and 41 function is considered to be among its most critical 1 . The cell wall is the nano-structured, sugar-based, 42 2 pressure-resisting extracellular matrix of plants and NOXs are thought to be the predominant ROS 43 source in this compartment (also termed apoplast) 1 . 44A staggering number of kinases have been shown to regulate plant NOXs and the activation 45 mechanism of NOX-dependent ROS production is well established, especially in response to microbial 46 pattern-recognition by immune receptors 2 . However, the specific role and direct molecular targets of 47 ROS during microbial pattern-recognition have remained elusive 3 . The same applies for the central 48 role of ROS in tip growing cells, such as root hairs or pollen tubes, where ROS is thought to be part of 49 an intricate oscillation of cell wall stiffening and loosening, aimed at allowing cell wall expansion 50 without catastrophic collapse 4,5 . In this case, ROS is proposed to be important for counteracting cell 51 wall loosening pH decreases, but it is again unclear what direct targets of ROS would mediate cell wall 52 stiffening. Cell wall lignification by apoplastic peroxidases, can therefore be considered as the most 53 well-established role of ROS, where the peroxidases themselves are the direct "ROS targets", using it 54 as a co-substrate for the oxidation of mono-lignols 6,7 . In the case of lignification, however, a 55 molecularly-defined signaling pathway that induces ROS production during lignification has not been 56 defined. A few years ago, our group identified a specific NADPH oxidase, RBOHF, to be required for 57 the localized formation of lignin in the root end...

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Environmental morphing enables informed dispersal of the dandelion diaspore

Cited by 9 publications

References 65 publications

Species-Habitat Associations: Spatial data, predictive models, and ecological insights

Species-Habitat Associations: Spatial data, predictive models, and ecological insights

Dandelion pappus morphing is actuated by radially patterned material swelling

ROS production by localized SCHENGEN receptor module drives lignification at subcellular precision

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