Environmental persistence of porcine coronaviruses in feed and feed ingredients

Trudeau, Michaela P.; Verma, Harsha; Sampedro, Fernando; Urriola, Pedro E; Shurson, Gerald C; Goyal, Sagar M.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0178094

Cited by 31 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Porcine diarrheal disease has become epidemic in China in recent years, causing huge financial losses in the pig industry [18]. PEDV, TGEV, and porcine rotavirus (PoRV) are the three main pathogens of this disease [19,20]. To trace the epidemiology of the recent outbreaks, porcine fecal samples were collected; our results revealing that PEDV had a higher infection rate than both TGEV and PoRV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of an attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain by serial passaging

Tao

Jinghua

et al. 2018

Arch Virol

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Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is prevalent in most parts of the world. Owing to its antigenic variation, prevention of the diseases caused by this virus is difficult. In this study, two PEDV isolates with similar growth kinetics were successfully propagated in Vero cells. Complete genome sequence analysis showed that they have a 49nt deletion in the ORF3 gene and were classified into Group 1, the same group that includes the classical CV777 strain. Recombination analysis revealed that the event had occurred in the ORF1a gene, at 3596-6819 nt, among the two PEDV isolates and the CV777 and DR13 strains. During their continuous propagation, 14 nonsynonymous mutations occurred in the spike (S) gene of strain JS-2/2014 between generations G5 and G90, but there were no changes between G90 and G100. We assumed that strain JS-2/2014 might be attenuated by the 90th generation. Piglets orally fed with JS-2/2014 G90 showed no clinical symptoms, and no virus was detected in the feces and nasal fluid. In conclusion, JS-2/2014 was successfully identified by screening, was attenuated after propagation in Vero cells, and may serve as a candidate virus for vaccine preparations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of an attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain by serial passaging

Tao

Jinghua

et al. 2018

Arch Virol

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“…K. Li, et al Antiviral Research 166 (2019) 11-18 Niederwerder and Hesse, 2018; Trudeau et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2018b). Both PEDV and SADS-CoV are classified into group Ⅰ of the genus Alphacoronavirus, and their membrane gene share highly similar nucleotide structure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar to other SECoVs, such as transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), these re-emerged and emerging SECoV diseases are age-dependent with high morbidity and mortality in neonatal pigs. Mixed infections of PEDV, SADS-CoV, and PDCoV are presented in swine herds, which mostly are double infections or successive infections (Ajayi et al, 2018;Niederwerder and Hesse, 2018;Trudeau et al, 2017;Zhou et al, 2018b). Currently, vaccination is the primary measure for prevention of PEDV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant inhibition of re-emerged and emerging swine enteric coronavirus in vitro using the multiple shRNA expression vector

et al. 2019

Antiviral Research

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A B S T R A C TSwine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) have emerged and been prevalent in pig populations in China for the last several years. However, current traditional inactivated and attenuated PEDV vaccines are of limited efficacy against circulating PEDV variants, and there are no commercial vaccines for prevention of PDCoV and SADS-CoV. RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool in therapeutic applications to inhibit viral replication in vitro. In this study, we developed a small interfering RNA generation system that expressed two different short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting the M gene of PEDV and SADS-CoV and the N gene of PDCoV, respectively. Our results demonstrated that simultaneous expression of these specific shRNA molecules inhibited expression of PEDV M gene, SADS-CoV M gene, and PDCoV N gene RNA by 99.7%, 99.4%, and 98.8%, respectively, in infected cell cultures. In addition, shRNA molecules significantly restricted the expression of M and N protein, and impaired the replication of PEDV, SADS-CoV, and PDCoV simultaneously. Taken together, this shRNAs expression system not only is proved to be a novel approach for studying functions of various genes synchronously, but also developed to test aspects of a potential therapeutic option for treatment and prevention of multiple SECoV infections.

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“…Original research (Dee, Clement, et al, ; Dee, Neill, Clement, Christopher‐Hennings, & Nelson, ; Dee et al, ) and recent review papers (Gordon et al, ; Jones, Woodworth, Dritz, & Paulk, ; USDA APHIS, ) have begun to identify and assess the risk of feed and non‐animal feed ingredient as potential fomites for spreading virus. For example, PEDV has been shown to survive for extended periods of time on conventional and specialty soybean meal (Dee et al, , ; Trudeau, Verma, Sampedro, et al, ; Trudeau, Verma, Uriolla, et al, ). Current biosecurity protocols for sourcing, transport and receiving bulk feed ingredients have been enhanced relative to those in place prior to the introduction of PEDV into North America (AFIA, ; ANAC, ; National Pork Board, ).…”

Section: Retrospective Review Of Epidemiology From 2014 Canadian Pedvmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Canadian 2014 porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus outbreak: Important risk factors that were not considered in the epidemiological investigation could change the conclusions

Russell¹,

Polo

Meeker

2020

Transbound Emerg Dis

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The introduction and spread of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in North America resulted in significant death loss in the swine industry. As the industry learned how to manage this disease, many new risks were identified, including the potential for feed and feed ingredients to become contaminated and spread PEDV.In addition, biosecurity practices were reevaluated and strengthened throughout the industry. At the time of the outbreak epidemiologists did not understand, as well as they are understood today, all the risk factors that contribute to the spread of PEDV. As a result, the epidemiological investigations into the 2014 PEDV outbreak in eastern Canada may not have investigated all risk factors as thoroughly as they would be investigated today. In retrospect, many of the Bradford Hill criteria used to determine causation were not fulfilled. This review identifies risk factors that were not included in the 2014 epidemiology. If these risk factors were included in the epidemiology, the conclusions and determination of causation may have been different. K E Y W O R D SCanada, epidemiology, feed, feed ingredients, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, risk factors, spray-dried porcine plasmaThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri bution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Environmental persistence of porcine coronaviruses in feed and feed ingredients

Cited by 31 publications

References 27 publications

Preparation and characterization of an attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain by serial passaging

Preparation and characterization of an attenuated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain by serial passaging

Significant inhibition of re-emerged and emerging swine enteric coronavirus in vitro using the multiple shRNA expression vector

The Canadian 2014 porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus outbreak: Important risk factors that were not considered in the epidemiological investigation could change the conclusions

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