Environmental pharmaceuticals and climate change: The case study of carbamazepine in M. galloprovincialis under ocean acidification scenario

Emerging environmental stressors and oxidative pathways in marine organisms: Current knowledge on regulation mechanisms and functional effects

“…Similarly to what is described for temperaturemediated oxidative pressure, the responsiveness of antioxidant defenses toward reduced-pH/high-CO 2 is highly influenced by other factors, including species-specific sensitivity and onset of compensation mechanisms, at least within a limited range of acidification: early increase of ROS in Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) exposed to reduced pH were counteracted in long-term exposure by physiological adjustments supported by the up-regulation of calcium binding proteins and calmodulins (Wang et al, 2020b). Also in M. galloprovincialis long-term exposure to acidification determined up-regulation of genes related to calcium homeostasis, calmodulins and calcium signalling pathways, causing a lower efficiency of antioxidant enzymes and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products (Mezzelani et al, 2021). Changes of acid-base balance in Hyas araneus (Linnaeus, 1758) were coupled with higher metabolism, increase of antioxidant defenses, and more pronounced responsiveness toward moderate rather than high hypercapnia (Harms et al, 2014); the explanation for these shifts was hypothesized to support indirect oxidative pressure due to high CO 2 , causing energy imbalance and speciesspecific limits of stress tolerance.…”

Long‐lasting effects of chronic exposure to chemical pollution on the hologenome of the Manila clam

“…Likewise, PCDD/Fs, PCB and HCB were not analysed at T1 and T2 because the content of these compounds in clam tissue rapidly decreases to 1/10 of the original level after just one week in uncontaminated water (Milan et al, 2016;Raccanelli et al, 2008). and eliminations of pathogens, in which bivalve haemocytes are primarily involved (Mezzelani et al, 2021). Moreover, the inhibition of ACOX activity in native PM clams, which catalyses the first reaction of β-mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids, may be related to changes in the metabolism of energy resources driven by several classes of environmental pollutants (Mezzelani et al, 2021).…”

On the emergence of a health-pollutant-climate nexus in the wake of a global pandemic

“…Further, contaminant fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere will also be altered, affecting their distribution and availability for uptake at lower trophic levels in the marine environment (AMPA 2016 ), potentially creating imbalances in the existing global biogeochemical processes. Further, climate change-induced impacts such as ocean acidification have a considerable impact on environmental pharmaceuticals (Mezzelani et al 2021 ), and changing environmental factors such as water pH, temperature, and UV-B irradiation have a profound effect on the acute toxicity of the emerging pollutants such as pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment (Kim et al 2010 ).…”