Environmental policy constraints for acidic exhaust gas scrubber discharges from ships

Ülpre, H.; Eames, I.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.027

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, naturally occurring low-sulfur fuel is insufficient and refining to remove sulfur content is expensive. It is an alternative method of mitigating SO X emissions by the less-expensive high-sulfur-content oil in combination with an exhaust gas scrubber. , Attributed to the low-cost advantage of the raw material source, desulfurization with limestone gypsum system has been a common flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technique mainly used in coal power stations. However, the practical marine application of this treatment is limited by the large cubage, easy blockage, and the produced large amount of solid waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Sulfur Dioxide with Sodium Hydroxide Solution in Spray Columns

Wang

Ren

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The absorption of sulfur dioxide into highly concentrated sodium hydroxide in a spray column from simulated flue gas was investigated. The influences of different operating conditions on the SO 2 removal efficiency, such as sodium hydroxide concentration, liquid-to-gas ratio, gas velocity and SO 2 concentration, were examined. The overall volume transfer coefficients (k G a), under moderate conditions, were obtained by introducing the instantaneous and irreversible chemical reaction into the two-film theory to establish a model that allowed the calculation of theoretical values of the overall volume-transfer coefficient. It was found that the absorption process was controlled by diffusion through gas film when a highly concentrated caustic soda solution was adopted. The overall volume-transfer coefficient was essentially independent of concentration of SO 2 in gas phase and positively related to the gas and liquid flow rates. The formula of k G a was fitted for the process and found to be in good agreement with experimental results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absorption of Sulfur Dioxide with Sodium Hydroxide Solution in Spray Columns

Wang

Ren

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…When Equations (10) and (8) are substituted in Equation (6), the following standard acid-alkali titration equation is obtained:…”

Section: Chemistry Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They introduced an empirical model of turbulent jets and integrated it with chemistry and fluid flow models. Also, Ülpre and Eames [10] conducted a physical and chemical research on the discharge of scrubber wash water from ships. To comply with the IMO's regulation on scrubber wash water discharge from ships, they developed a procedure for the use of multiple ports.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships

Choi

Lim

2020

JMSE

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A regulation on the sulfur emissions of ships sailing in global sea areas has been enforced since 1 January 2020. In this new regulation, ships are required to use low-sulfur fuel oils or to install an after-treatment equipment, such as a scrubber. Open and hybrid scrubbers wash the exhaust gas using seawater and then discharge the wash water overboard. According to the regulation promulgated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC), the wash water must have a pH of 6.5 or higher at 4 m from the discharge point. Wash water is generally acidic, with a pH of 2.5–3.5, whereas seawater is alkaline, with a pH of approximately 8.2. The wash water is dispersed after being discharged overboard through a nozzle, and its pH is restored through dilution with the surrounding seawater. In this study, the pH was calculated by using a theoretical chemical reaction model, and then the dispersion of wash water was analyzed using CFD simulation. This study describes the process of selecting the appropriate turbulent Schmidt number in a wide range of nozzle diameters. Finally, the appropriate nozzle diameter was determined based on the initial pH of the discharged scrubber wash.

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“…As much as with the mobility issues on land, port activities are associated with the routes over sea. Shipping is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for an estimated 2.7% of the global CO 2 -emissions in 2013 (Ülpre and Eames, 2014). Moreover the combustion of heavy diesel oil releases SO x -compounds which contribute to acidification, NO x and particulates, which are harmful for the marine biodiversity and human health .…”

Section: Green Portsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifting challenges for coastal green cities

Thành¹,

Le²,

Thinh

et al. 2017

TCCKHVTD

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Green cities" offer a systematic approach to a significant part of the nowadays urban complexity. The concept dovetails in the "healthy city" idea launched by the World Health Organization, but is equally associated with "sustainable" and "smart cities". During the past decades planning for "green cities" shifted, incorporating new ideas as sustainable development and IT-driven management instruments for smart cities. Contemporary cities continue to face major environmental challenges. Replying to this dynamic context is a main task for cities during the coming decades of the millennium. As most of the (major) cities worldwide are located at the edge of the continents, supporting water-bound activities, they show a significant "blue economy" aspect. This paper reviews the historical context of the science aspects of "green cities" and the related approaches. Four main challenges for livable (coastal) cities today are discussed, taking into account the continuous changes and the almost permanent transition cities face. Climate change effects as sea level rise and extreme weather conditions, affect directly coastal cities; providing enough drinking water is a long standing and increasing problem; ports face particular and specific environmental problems which are in need of a tailored management; and sufficient accessible green areas remain of primary concern for any green city. Cross cutting through these issues are among others mobility and sustainable urban design. These major challenges will necessitate new processes of decision making. Long term planning is essential. This includes among others green infrastructure, systematic investment in natural areas (both on land and in the marine environment), cleaner technology innovations (on water treatment, low carbon emission technology, advanced waste prevention and treatment management, green roofs, and (artificial) wetlands), and the use of smart, IT-driven solutions.

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Environmental policy constraints for acidic exhaust gas scrubber discharges from ships

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Absorption of Sulfur Dioxide with Sodium Hydroxide Solution in Spray Columns

Absorption of Sulfur Dioxide with Sodium Hydroxide Solution in Spray Columns

Numerical Simulation and Validation in Scrubber Wash Water Discharge from Ships

Shifting challenges for coastal green cities

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