Environmental Pollution by Heavy Metal: An Overview

Timothy, Nachana’a; Williams, E T

doi:10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.14

Cited by 53 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Heavy metals are generally defined as naturally occurring metals and metalloids with a high atomic weight and high specific density, which is five times greater than that of water; above 5 g/cm 3 (Hawkes, 1997;Timothy and Williams, 2019). The most common heavy metals are lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoaccumulation of metals in three plants species of the Asteraceae family sampled along a highway

Simić

Grbović

Rajičić

et al. 2021

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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The aim of this study was to determine the ability of roots and above-ground parts of three plant species of the Asteraceae family (Matricaria inodora L., Achillea millefolium L., Crepis setosa Haller fill.) for bioaccumulation and translocation of eight metals (Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr). Those plants were sampled directly along the lanes of the highway at the entrance into the City of Kragujevac, Republic of Serbia. The investigated metals are emitted into the air from road traffic and are deposited in the surrounding soil. Many of them are toxic to the living organism, and it is, therefore, necessary to apply effective, economical, sustainable methods for their removal from the environment. An example of such a method is as phytoremediation, based on the use of metal hyperaccumulator plants. The results of this research showed the species studied differ in the absorption, translocation and accumulation of investigated metals. They also showed that species M. inodora and A. millefolium (leaves) can be used for the phytoextraction of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn and Cr, species C. setosa (leaves) for Ca, Mg and Cu species M. inodora (stem) for Cr. The results further indicate that all three species absorb Zn from the soil and translocate it to the stems and leaves. All three of the studied species are suitable for phytostabilization of soils loaded with Zn, but only the species M. inodora and C. setosa can be applied in phytoremediation of this metal.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytoaccumulation of metals in three plants species of the Asteraceae family sampled along a highway

Simić

Grbović

Rajičić

et al. 2021

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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“…This involves matching the level of the determined trace element to the average shale value or background levels [ 15 , 16 ]. This was computed using Equation (1): Igeo = log 2 (Cn/1.5 Bn) where Cn signifies the measured concentration in this study, and Bn represents the geochemical background value or an average shale value of an element of interest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Urban Informal Settlements on Trace Element Accumulation in Road Dust and Their Possible Health Implications in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Mugudamani

Oke

Gumede

2022

Toxics

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The study was aimed at assessing the influence of urban informal settlement on trace element accumulation in road dust from the Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa, and their possible health implications. The concentration of major and trace elements was determined using the wavelength dispersive XRF method. The major elements in descending order were SiO2 (72.76%), Al2O3 (6.90%), Fe2O3 (3.88%), CaO (2.71%), K2O (1.56%), Na2O (0.99%), MgO (0.94%), MnO (0.57%), TiO2 (0.40%), and P2O5 (0.16%), with SiO2 and P2O5 at above-average shale values. The average mean concentrations of 17 trace elements in decreasing order were Cr (637.4), Ba (625.6), Zn (231.8), Zr (190.2), Sr (120.2), V (69), Rb (66), Cu (61), Ni (49), Pb (30.8), Co (17.4), Y (14.4), Nb (8.6), As (7.2), Sc (5.8), Th (4.58), and U (2.9) mg/kg. Trace elements such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Zr, Ba, and Pb surpassed their average shale values, and only Cr surpassed the South African soil screening values. The assessment of pollution through the geo-accumulation index (Igeo) revealed that road dust was moderately to heavily contaminated by Cr, whereas all other trace elements were categorized as being uncontaminated to moderately contaminated. The contamination factor (CF) exhibited road dust to be very highly contaminated by Cr, moderately contaminated by Zn, Pb, Cu, Zr, and Ba, and lowly contaminated by Co, U, Nb, Ni, As, Y, V, Rb, Sc, Sr, and Th. The pollution load index (PLI) also affirmed that the road dust in this study was very highly polluted by trace elements. Moreover, the results of the enrichment factor (EF) categorized Cr as having a significant degree of enrichment. Zn was elucidated as being minimally enriched, whereas all other trace elements were of natural origin. The results of the non-carcinogenic risk assessment revealed a possibility of non-carcinogenic risks to both children and adults. For the carcinogenic risk, the total CR values in children and adults were above the acceptable limit, signifying a likelihood of carcinogenic risk to the local inhabitants. From the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the levels of trace elements in the road dust of this informal settlement had the possibility to contribute to both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks, and that children were at a higher risk than the adult population.

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“…8 right). The elements calcium, sodium, potassium and aluminum are detected in small amounts and may originate from break wear [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Elemental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Tire Wear Airstrip Particles (TWAP)

Spanheimer

Katrakova-Krüger

2022

Preprint

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Every aircraft leaves tire wear particles on the ground of airports at take-off and landing. To maintain good grip properties, the pavement must be regularly cleaned up. The gathered Tire Wear Airstrip Particles (TWAP) normally get disposed by burning. As they are very similar to rubber powder the question is if they might be used as a secondary raw material to keep them longer in the loop in the sense of circular economy. In this study TWAP gathered by the cleaning of the runway of an airport in Germany are compared to ambient ground rubber powder from truck tire treads. Both are analyzed microscopically with regard to their morphology, particle size distribution and chemical composition by calcination with following elemental characterization of the ash by Energy-Dispersion-X-ray Analysis (EDS) in the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The particle size distribution of TWAP is broader than rubber powder containing also much smaller particles. The mineral content is about 60% of the gathered TWAP. These minerals can be residues of the pavement or break wear and to a smaller amount from the rubber ingredients. Although the TWAP on their own are similar to rubber powder, the impurities they contain may have an impact with regard to potential applications.

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Environmental Pollution by Heavy Metal: An Overview

Cited by 53 publications

References 51 publications

Phytoaccumulation of metals in three plants species of the Asteraceae family sampled along a highway

Phytoaccumulation of metals in three plants species of the Asteraceae family sampled along a highway

Influence of Urban Informal Settlements on Trace Element Accumulation in Road Dust and Their Possible Health Implications in Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa

Analysis of Tire Wear Airstrip Particles (TWAP)

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