“…() observe that at the port of New York/New Jersey the number of longshoremen reduced from 30,000 in 1970 to 7,400 in 1986, whereas in the United Kingdom, the number of dockworkers reduced from 70,000 to less than 10,000 between the 1960s and 1980s (Broeze, ). Couper () observes that at the port of Rotterdam the number of dockworkers reduced from 12,443 to 9,598 between 1971 and 1981, whereas at the port of Antwerp, the waterfront workforce reduced from 15,000 to 9,158 between 1970 and 1982.…”