Environmental Predictors and Incubation Period of AIDS-AssociatedPenicillium marneffeiInfection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Bulterys, Philip L.; Le, Thuy; Quang, Vo Minh; Nelson, Kenrad E.; Lloyd‐Smith, James O.

doi:10.1093/cid/cit058

Cited by 57 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…83 Incidence increases 30-50% during the rainy months, 76,84 and can be predicted by humidity levels. 85,86 T marneffei has been isolated from bamboo rat faeces and soil samples within bamboo rat burrows, 87,88 and T marneffei DNA detected in elephant-associated soil. 89 Collectively, these epiecological data suggest an interplay among multiple environmental reservoirs involving soil, plants, and animals, in which bamboo rats may be exploited by T marneffei to expand its biomass and biogeography.…”

Section: Ecology and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal infections in HIV/AIDS

Limper

Adenis

et al. 2017

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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390

307

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Fungi are major contributors to the opportunistic infections that affect patients with HIV/AIDS. Systemic infections are mainly with Pneumocystis jirovecii (pneumocystosis), Cryptococcus neoformans (cryptococcosis), Histoplasma capsulatum (histoplasmosis), and Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei (talaromycosis). The incidence of systemic fungal infections has decreased in people with HIV in high-income countries because of the widespread availability of antiretroviral drugs and early testing for HIV. However, in many areas with high HIV prevalence, patients present to care with advanced HIV infection and with a low CD4 cell count or re-present with persistent low CD4 cell counts because of poor adherence, resistance to antiretroviral drugs, or both. Affordable, rapid point-of-care diagnostic tests (as have been developed for cryptococcosis) are urgently needed for pneumocystosis, talaromycosis, and histoplasmosis. Additionally, antifungal drugs, including amphotericin B, liposomal amphotericin B, and flucytosine, need to be much more widely available. Such measures, together with continued international efforts in education and training in the management of fungal disease, have the potential to improve patient outcomes substantially.

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Section: Ecology and Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal infections in HIV/AIDS

Limper

Adenis

et al. 2017

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

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390

307

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“…4 Previous studies have indicated that T. marneffei is the third most common agent of clinical infections among patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome in Southeast Asia, after Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus neoformans, and is associated with increasing mortality rates. 2,5 In addition, T. marneffei infection occurs in patients with underlying immune defects without HIV infection. [6][7][8] Recurrent, refractory, and disseminated T. marneffei infections are probably due to immune dysfunction in hosts, but the mechanisms are not fully elucidated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic Cells Promote Treg Expansion but Not Th17 Generation in Response to Talaromyces marneffei Yeast Cells

Tang¹,

Zhang²,

Xu³

et al. 2020

IDR

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These authors contributed equally to this work Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) with both proinflammatory and tolerogenic properties have been implicated in modulation of CD4 + T cell responses in many fungal diseases. However, the role of DC in the context of Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei) infection has not been determined. In this study, we aimed to study the effect of the yeast form of T. marneffei yeasts on DCs, as well as the role of DCs in modulating T helper 17 (Th17) and regulatory T (Treg) cell responses to the pathogen. Methods: Mouse bone marrow-derived DCs were stimulated with T. marneffei yeasts for 24 h. Frequencies of CD80 and CD86 expression on DCs and the levels of IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β in the culture supernatant of yeast-stimulated DCs were detected by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. In co-culture experiments, CD4 + T lymphocytes of mice were isolated from the spleen using magnetic beads and co-cultured with T. marneffei yeasts, with or without DCs for 24 h. The proportions of Th17 and Treg cells in co-culture were detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA levels of RORγt and Foxp3 were detected by RT-PCR. Levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in the co-culture supernatant were detected by ELISA. Results: The expressions of CD80 and CD86 on DCs were increased, as well as IL-6, IL-10 and TGF-β levels in the culture supernatant of T. marneffei-stimulated DCs were higher than those in DCs cultured without T. marneffei. In co-culture experiments, in the presence of DCs, T. marneffei promoted Treg expansion and Foxp3 up-regulation but limited Th17 and downregulated RORγt. Levels of IL-10 and TGF-β were higher in the co-culture containing DCs than without DCs. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the interaction between DCs and T. marneffei could promote Treg expansion but not Th17 generation. These findings provide a mechanism by which DCs may promote immune tolerance in T. marneffei infection.

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Section: The Differential Diagnosis Of Yeastmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Patients with this infection who are encountered in the USA have almost always either traveled in these areas or lived there (38-42). Penicilliosisis emerging as one of the most common opportunistic infections in Asian patients with AIDS (39, 42). Patients with this infection who are HIV-negative often have other immunocompromising conditions such as hematologic malignancies, autoimmune diseases, malnutrition or other debilitating infections, and this infection has rarely been described in immunocompetent persons.…”

Section: The Differential Diagnosis Of Yeastmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Immunocompromised Host

Lamps

Lai

Milner

2014

Advances in Anatomic Pathology

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Fungal infections are one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The incidence of invasive fungal infections, including those of the gastrointestinal tract, has increased significantly as numbers of immunocompromised patients have increased. The diagnosis of fungal infections in immunocompromised patients may be particularly problematic as these patients may present with atypical clinical features. Although Candida and Aspergillus species represent the majority of fungi diagnosed in the immunocompromised patient population, other fungi are emerging as increasingly common pathogens, and this review will focus on several important emerging fungal infections in immunocompromised patients.

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Environmental Predictors and Incubation Period of AIDS-AssociatedPenicillium marneffeiInfection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Cited by 57 publications

References 17 publications

Fungal infections in HIV/AIDS

Fungal infections in HIV/AIDS

<p>Dendritic Cells Promote Treg Expansion but Not Th17 Generation in Response to <em>Talaromyces marneffei</em> Yeast Cells</p>

Fungal Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Immunocompromised Host

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