Environmental problems associated with man-made strata and their potential management

Nirei, Hisashi; Mezzano, Adriana; Satkūnas, Jonas; Furuno, Kunio; Marker, Brian R.; Mitamura, Muneki

doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2014/v37i1/004

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…extensive dense-grid borehole campaigns, ground penetrating radar and geoelectric surveys, which are only financially sustainable in small sectors (de Beer at al., 2012; Jordan et al, 2016; Meju, 2000; Papadopoulos et al, 2009; Tame et al, 2013; Villain et al, 2015). At the urban-planning and risk-management levels, thicknesses need to be estimated reliably because that information is fundamental to the assessment of geological hazards (Mitamura et al, 2011; Nirei et al, 2014; Petermans et al, 2006; Rosenbaum et al, 2003). The geometry of the anthrostrata is generally estimated by the modelled volume included between the present-day ground surface and the basal surface of anthropogenic deposits, which is interpolated using sample elevation points provided by borehole logs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computation of modern anthropogenic-deposit thicknesses in urban areas: A case study in Rome, Italy

Luberti

2018

The Anthropocene Review

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In comparison with naturally stratified deposits, anthropogenic strata often have large variability in physical and chemical characteristics, which can be determined only through field surveys and laboratory tests. The estimation of their spatial distribution, based on the modelling of their basal surface, may output imprecise results, since the interpolation process is often affected by insufficient input data, which are provided by available borehole-log data. This paper reports the results of a multitemporal-analysis methodology, which is supported by historical maps that are generally available for urban centres. The methodology allows the spatial characterization of major portions of anthropogenic deposits, which were mainly produced after the Industrial Revolution, worldwide. The first tests seemed to be satisfactory, although the selected area, which has been greatly urbanized since the end of the 19th century, is part of a city in which humans have made important modifications since ancient times.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computation of modern anthropogenic-deposit thicknesses in urban areas: A case study in Rome, Italy

Luberti

2018

The Anthropocene Review

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“…This principle is additionally applicable to the assessment of anthropic risk, which encompasses the identification of explosives, contaminants, and chemicals that originated from recent industrial processes. Furthermore, due to the war bombardment, San Lorenzo may have accumulated anthropogenic deposits that could also include dangerous materials like unexploded weapons, resulting from military damage [79]. The backfill map can be used to identify the potential occurrence of not-yet-recovered and/or hidden explosives that are buried beneath recently deposited materials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Geological Multi-Hazards in an Urban District

Di Salvo,

Ciotoli,

Mancini

et al. 2024

Geosciences

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This work aims to describe, classify, and analyze the occurrence of selected natural multi-hazards, specifically pluvial floods and sinkholes, affecting a district in the urban area of Rome, Italy. The procedure is based on a robust geological, geomorphological, and hydrogeological analysis performed using data collected and archived for the scope. The susceptibility is calculated based on geo-hydrological and geomorphological factors, as well as the occurrence of flooding and sinkholes. The areas prone to each single hazard were combined and put into the context of multi-hazard assessment by overlaying the susceptibility with buildings and population data. The resulting map shows that 50% of buildings (6215 inhabitants) are in an area of multi-hazard susceptibility; among these, 25% are in the highest multi-hazard classes (4 and 5). These areas are named “multi-hazard hotspots” because they are affected by many hazards with associated higher impacts. This study demonstrates that a comprehensive approach that combines the examination of geology, hydrogeology, modifications to historical morphology, and the occurrence of geological disasters is effective for mapping geohazards in urban areas and identifying locations with multiple hazards. A multi-hazard hotspot map can be used as a tool for planning actions aimed at reducing the vulnerability and exposure level of the urban population.

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“…This approach has important implications in the proper management and monitoring of metropolises built on alluvial plains. Floodplains of urban rivers are prone to soil and subsurface modifications indirectly related to riverine flood influences on groundwater table (Bozzano et al ., 2000, 2008), extensive soil compaction associated with structural degradation and loss of porosity, and pedogenic modification associated with soil sealing and contamination from anthropogenic sources (Jim, 1998; Adderley et al ., 2010; Nirei et al ., 2014; Prokof’eva et al ., 2001, 2020, 2021). Thus, integrating geotechnical and meso and micromorphological observation is important to properly evaluate the soil geomechanical properties and adequately assess geological influences on environmental and engineering hazards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional, micromorphological and geotechnical characterization of Holocene Tiber floodplain deposits (Rome, Italy) and sequence stratigraphic implications

et al. 2022

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This study reports a high-resolution micromorphological characterization of floodplain deposits to investigate the relationships among compositional, textural and geotechnical data, and integrate soil micromorphology with sequence stratigraphy. Compositional and textural characterization of facies associations and soil features are calibrated against geotechnical parameters. The latter, obtained from cone penetration and pocket penetrometer tests from a borehole advanced 60 m into the Tiber channel belt and floodplain, show that depositional features and post-depositional modifications are intrinsically associated with cone penetration test parameters: cone resistance; sleeve friction; and friction ratio. Petrographic and micromorphological features document pedogenetic modifications across stratigraphic markers evidenced by faunal and plant activity, accumulation of peat, and typified by precipitation of heavy metals, iron oxides and secondary carbonates. All of these features developed in correspondence with alluvial flooding surfaces that are correlated with non-marine and marine flooding surfaces recognized in the transgressive and highstand coastal and lagoonal deposits of the Tiber Depositional Sequence. These observations may serve as a model to reconstruct the sequence-stratigraphic evolution of ancient relict soils. Nevertheless, additional criteria (for example, their stratigraphic position and correlative surfaces) are necessary to adequately interpret the genesis of such low-rank stratigraphic surfaces. This work demonstrates that a combination between sedimentological and stratigraphic observations and soil micromorphology can be critical to supplement field observations and determine the relative effect of pedogenic and depositional processes on the organization, composition and texture, and geotechnical properties of floodplain in urban areas.

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Environmental problems associated with man-made strata and their potential management

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Computation of modern anthropogenic-deposit thicknesses in urban areas: A case study in Rome, Italy

Computation of modern anthropogenic-deposit thicknesses in urban areas: A case study in Rome, Italy

Analysis of Geological Multi-Hazards in an Urban District

Compositional, micromorphological and geotechnical characterization of Holocene Tiber floodplain deposits (Rome, Italy) and sequence stratigraphic implications

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