This comparative study shows how concepts like circular economy, innovation and competitiveness are understood, accepted and implemented in Romania and Serbia, countries with similar preoccupations for the European Union's recommendations and destiny. It is shown that the similar results obtained outline the lack of continuity in applying the resilient strategy for general development and the strategic role of investments as a pillar of modernisation. Building a resilient and modern society requires fundamental and complex changes in the political decision-makers attitude and people's civic behaviour, linked to the circular economy principles, the need for substantial investments in top innovative research, high-tech products, and adequate public policies of general interest.