“…Nitrogen contaminants, such as nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia nitrogen, are prevalent inorganic contaminants. Nitrate is predominantly from anthropogenic sources, including agriculture and domestic wastewater [12,[56][57][58]. Other potentially toxic and non-toxic elements found in groundwater include anions, oxyanions, and cations, such as Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, F, SO 4 , Cl, Na, K, Ca, and Mg. Total dissolved solids (TDSs), which refer to the total amount of inorganic and organic ligands in water, also may be increased in groundwater (water-rock interactions).…”