Environmental Risk Factors for Stroke and Cardiovascular Disease

Reis, Jacques; Giroud, Maurice; Kokubo, Yoshihiro

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809657-4.64111-x

Cited by 7 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(100 reference statements)

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“…11,12 Bacteria such as tuberculosis, syphilis, and brucellosis and viruses such as arenavirus, flavivirus, dengue fever virus, Japanese encephalitis, Nipah virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and so on, are various pathogens that can lead to stroke complications. 11 Recently, several studies also reported increasing clotting problems that resulted in a sudden rise of stroke mortality following Ebola and SARS-CoV2 infection. 11 Cerebral infarction due to neurocysticercosis ranges from 2% to 12%; however, extensive epidemiological studies are required to infer a robust relationship between tropical infection pathogens and associated stroke risk.…”

Section: Cross-talk Between Xenobiotics and Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In tropical countries, infections associated with pathogens (xenobiotic) are closely related to stroke prevalence 11 . Cerebral malaria, Chagas disease, and neurocysticercosis are the major central nervous system infections that may predispose transient ischemic attack (TIA) 11,12 .…”

Section: Cross‐talk Between Xenobiotics and Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Cerebral infarction due to neurocysticercosis ranges from 2% to 12%; however, extensive epidemiological studies are required to infer a robust relationship between tropical infection pathogens and associated stroke risk. 11 A summary of different xenobiotics and their effects on stroke has been tabulated in Table 1.…”

Section: Cross-talk Between Xenobiotics and Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arsenic is reported to produce atherosclerosis, which is a well-known risk factor of ischemic stroke. 11 On the other hand, cadmium can initiate and progress atherosclerosis, hypertension, and kidney damage, which lead to stroke. 11 Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) are involved in xenobiotic detoxification and endogenous epoxide biotransformation.…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Xenobioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 On the other hand, cadmium can initiate and progress atherosclerosis, hypertension, and kidney damage, which lead to stroke. 11 Epoxide hydrolases (EHs) are involved in xenobiotic detoxification and endogenous epoxide biotransformation. 26 They catalyze the hydrolytic conversion of highly reactive epoxides to less reactive diols.…”

Section: Biotransformation Of Xenobioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspects of xenobiotics and their receptors in stroke

et al. 2022

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Stroke is devastating and the second leading cause of disability and death worldwide. The pathophysiology of stroke is intricate involving oxidative stress, ionic imbalance, and excitotoxicity leading to cell death. The current therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke primarily aim to restore cerebral blood flow by removing clots using intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy. However, hemorrhagic stroke requires different therapeutic interventions, where intravenous thrombolysis worsens the persistent condition. Nevertheless, the present treatment strategies do not provide effective neuroprotection as they have limitations such as narrow time window, specialized clinics and personnel, and higher expense. Therefore, studies on novel therapeutic strategies that can render neuroprotection over an extended time with minimum adverse effects are solicited. Xenobiotics are agents that are foreign to the biological system but can regulate their metabolism by binding to different xenobiotic receptors (XRs) to produce toxic substances. Modulation of XRs in different preclinical studies have shown benefits in the stroke outcome. Therefore, targeting XRs may be a future therapeutic strategy for stroke intervention. The present review briefly discusses various implications of xenobiotics and their receptors to evolve as a potential therapeutic target for prospective use as an adjunctive therapy for stroke.

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Section: Cross-talk Between Xenobiotics and Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross‐talk Between Xenobiotics and Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-talk Between Xenobiotics and Strokementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biotransformation Of Xenobioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biotransformation Of Xenobioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aspects of xenobiotics and their receptors in stroke

et al. 2022

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Radon exposure and risk of cerebrovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis in occupational and general population studies

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Although it is biologically plausible, findings relating radon exposure to the risk of cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) are inconsistent and inconclusive. To investigate whether radon exposure was associated with the risk of CeVD, we qualitatively and quantitatively summarized the literature on radon and CeVD in both occupational and general populations. A search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science was performed for peer-reviewed articles published through March 2022. Studies were excluded if radon exposure was not assessed separately from other ionizing radiation. In the meta-analysis, excess relative risks (ERRs) were converted to relative risks (RRs), and the pooled RRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using the random-effects model (DerSimonian and Laird). In the systematic review, nine eligible studies were summarized. Six occupational studies indicated inconsistent associations between cumulative radon exposure and CeVD mortality among mine workers. With available data from four updated occupational studies (99,730 mine workers and 2745 deaths), the pooled RR of radon exposure with CeVD mortality showed a non-significant association (1.10, 95% CI 0.92, 1.31). Three studies (841,270 individuals and 24,288 events) conducted in general populations consistently demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between residential radon exposure and risk of CeVD. The existing literature suggested a potential link between radon exposure and CeVD risk in general population. The inconsistent association in occupationally exposed populations may be explained by different methods of radon assessment and other methodological issues. Since radon exposure is a common public health issue, more rigorously designed epidemiologic studies, especially in the general population are warranted.

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