Environmental Risks of the Pesticide Use in Agrocenoses and their Management

Currently, the use of vermicompost in organic soil nutrition is highly efficient. The efficiency of vermicompost production at an industrial level is directly related to the correct implementation of this biotechnological process. In the conducted research, a local earthworm species, Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826), was used in the preparation of vermicompost from animal organic waste, which accumulates in large quantities in the livestock sector of agriculture. In the conducted experiments, local species of earthworms suitable for vermiculture were selected, and the optimal conditions of the substrate for their survival were studied. As a result of the research, it is possible to increase the efficiency of agricultural production by localizing low-cost biohumus production technology in Uzbekistan based on the use of local earthworms. In the conducted experiments, earthworms started feeding when the moisture level of the substrate was 30%. Their further development processes were manifested differently at different humidity levels. The earthworm hybrid breed had good development indicators at a relatively high humidity of 70-80%. In local species, this indicator was 60-70%. In the experiments, the optimal living conditions of local earthworms were studied and used in biotechnological processes.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology of Organic Animal Waste Processing Based on<i> Eisenia Fetida</i> (Savigny, 1826)

Ergasheva,

Ismailov,

Raxmatullayev

et al. 2024

“…The result of environmental risks in agriculture, as one of the most vulnerable sectors of agricultural production, is an imbalance in the ecological state of agroecosystems. Among the most important anthropogenic factors that play a decisive role in the occurrence of environmental risks in crop agrocenoses are: pesticide pollution, which affects the physiological characteristics of the development of plants; the formation of the phytosanitary state of agrophytocenosis during the development and emergence of various types harmful and phytopathogenic organisms that affect crop yields (Lishchuk et al 2022(Lishchuk et al , 2023Moklyachuk et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological Hazard of Pesticide Use in Traditional Agricultural Technologies

Lishchuk,

Parfenyk,

Furdychko

et al. 2024

The ecotoxicological hazard assessment of pesticide use on crops was performed. The study was conducted in 2021-2023 at the experimental field of the Skvyra Research Farm of the Institute of Agroecology and Environmental Management of National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, located in the Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The influence of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides on the formation of environmental hazards in crop agrocenoses was studied: experiment (1) -peas, winter wheat, buckwheat; experiment (2) -winter wheat, buckwheat, oats. The ecological risk was assessed taking into account the ecotoxic properties of the chemical active ingredients of pesticides. It was found that the main parameters characterizing the occurrence of environmental risks are: (i) the pesticide load, i.e. the amount of toxicant applied per unit of sown area; (ii) the ecotoxicity of the pesticide (LD 50 ), which is established by hygienic standards; (iii) the persistence of the pesticide in the soil, namely, its half-life (DT 50 ), etc. The calculations proved that the pesticides used had a low environmental risk of impact on agrocenoses. This is evidenced by the ecotoxicity index (E). The total pesticide load (Σ E ) on the agrocenosis of each crop during the three years of the study (2021-2023) was calculated. It was found that in experiment (1) -Σ Experiment 1 = 0.23 conventional units (c.u.); in experiment (2) -Σ Eexperiment 2 = 0.04 c.u. The results obtained indicate an insignificant environmental risk of pesticide use for experimental plots of crops of the studied farm. However, prolonged use of pesticides certainly leads to the concentration of their persistent residues in the soil. This can lead to contamination of crop products and environmental. The cereals (buckwheat and oats) grown on the farm are intended for dietary consumption. To confirm the reliability of the hypothesis of the safety of the obtained grain and cereal products, it is advisable to further study their quality in terms of pesticide residues. It is shown that this methodology can be used to assess the risk of pesticide contamination of an agroecosystem. The ecotoxicity criterion (E) can be considered as a management tool for reducing environmental risks in agroecosystems.

“…Therefore, the use of bioindication methods (honeybee monitoring) to assess the environmental risks of the negative impact of pollutants on biota has a great practical importance. It is known that the contamination of agricultural forage bee lands with heavy metals, pesticides, radionuclides and other harmful substances leads to environmental risks of toxicant accumulation in the environment [Lishchuk et al 2022a, Lishchuk et al 2022b, Lishchuk et al 2023, Moklyachuk et al 2017]. This is one of the main factors in the accumulation of hazardous toxic substances in beekeeping products, which negatively affects the quality of honey, wax, pollen, and propolis [Finger et Bees and bee products are a unique object that can be used to obtain a wide range of characteristics for environmental monitoring, including honeybee monitoring [Parikh, Rawtani & Khatri 2021, Ruschioni et al 2013, Girotti et al 2020].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioindication for Detecting Environmental Risks in Agrocenoses Contaminated with Heavy Metals

Lishchuk¹,

Parfenyuk²,

Городиська³

et al. 2023

The relevance and scientific and methodological approaches to the use of the bioindication method for assessing environmental risks in agrocenoses contaminated with toxic substances (in particular, heavy metals) were substantiated in the article. The study is based on the use of bee honey and heavy metal transfer coefficients in the sequential chain "soil -honey plant -bee honey". This ensures control over the content of toxicants in the soil and inflorescences of honey plants. Toxicant transfer coefficients can be used in the soil-plant-beekeeping products chain as indicators for developing environmental risk management tools. Bioindication is important for contaminated agricultural landscapes that are used as raw materials and forage lands for beekeeping and other environmental objects. The use of the bioindication method makes it possible to assess the environmental risks of toxic substance pollution of agroecosystems and natural biocenoses and to outline the boundaries of toxicant pollution of a certain area for the safe placement of apiaries and obtaining high-quality bee honey.