Environmental risks of urban agriculture in the Lake Victoria drainage basin: A case of Kisumu municipality, Kenya

Mireri, Caleb; Atekyereza, Peter; Kyessi, Aphonse; Mushi, Nimrod Shitrael

doi:10.1016/j.habitatint.2007.06.006

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Despite Kenya's industrialism, most working citizens labour in informal or subsistence farming with agriculture the principal employment sector (IOM, ). Domestic animals remain important as almost 65% of Kenyan households own livestock or poultry (Grace, Monda et al., ; Grace, Mutua et al., ; Kagira & Kanyari, ,b; Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, ; Mireri, ; Mireri, Atekyereza, Kyessi, & Mushi, ; Onim, ; Thumbi et al., ). This is mirrored within Kisumu where, despite the port access of Lake Victoria, almost 80% of the city is considered rural and approximately 50% of the residents are involved in urban agriculture and/or animal husbandry (KMC, ; Mireri et al., ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role, ownership and presence of domestic animals in peri‐urban households of Kisumu, Kenya

Barnes

Mumma

Cumming

2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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SummaryLow-and middle-income countries are experiencing rapid urban population growth, particularly in peri-urban informal settlements. In these urban areas, animal husbandry remains a valuable source of income and protein-rich foods but may also present a risk of zoonotic disease threat. To date, there have been studies that have assessed the prevalence and nature of animal ownership in these communities. This cross-sectional survey assessed the geographical, sociocultural and economic factors behind the presence, ownership and purpose of domestic animals in three informal peri-urban communities of Kisumu, Kenya. A majority (n = 587) of the study households exhibited domestic animal presence in the living space yet only 32% of households reported animal ownership (n = 252). The purposes of ownership included: for meat/eggs (55%); for income, sale or trade (43%); for milk production (31%); and as companions/pets (31%).Among households that owned animals, 76% reported that at least one animal slept in the house at night. In multivariate logistic regression, the following factors were significantly associated with household animal ownership: ownership of agricultural land (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.35), perceiving a strong community bond (OR = 2.28, 95% CI = 1.25, 4.16), and household membership in a community group (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.04, 2.60). This research demonstrates the high prevalence of animal ownership in a low-income and high-density peri-urban neighbourhood of an African city, which may facilitate zoonotic disease transmission. Further research should assess if and to what extent animal ownership in such communities is associated with disease risk. K E Y W O R D Scompanion animals, livestock, one health, poultry, public health, zoonoses

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role, ownership and presence of domestic animals in peri‐urban households of Kisumu, Kenya

Barnes

Mumma

Cumming

2017

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…The area receives a mean annual rainfall of 1245 mm occurring in two seasons, long and short rains from March-July and September-November, respectively. In addition, the mean annual minimum and maximum temperatures in the area are 17.3 and 28.9 • C, respectively [16]. The geology and hydrogeology of the study area has been described by Olago [17].…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking Sources and Fate of Groundwater Nitrate in Kisumu City and Kano Plains, Kenya

Nyilitya

Mureithi

Boeckx

2020

Water

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Groundwater nitrate (NO3−) pollution sources and in situ attenuation were investigated in Kisumu city and Kano plains. Samples from 62 groundwater wells consisting of shallow wells (hand dug, depth <10 m) and boreholes (machine drilled, depth >15 m) were obtained during wet (May–July 2017) and dry (February 2018) seasons and analyzed for physicochemical and isotopic (δ15N-NO3−, δ18O-NO3−, and δ11B) parameters. Groundwater NO3− concentrations ranged from <0.04 to 90.6 mg L−1. Boreholes in Ahero town showed significantly higher NO3− (20.0–70.0 mg L−1) than boreholes in the Kano plains (<10.0 mg L−1). Shallow wells in Kisumu gave significantly higher NO3− (11.4–90.6 mg L−1) than those in the Kano plains (<10.0 mg L−1). About 63% of the boreholes and 75% of the shallow wells exceeded the drinking water WHO threshold for NO3− and NO2− (nitrite) during the study period. Mean δ15N-NO3− values of 14.8‰ ± 7.0‰ and 20.7‰ ± 11.1‰, and δ18O-NO3− values of 10.2‰ ± 5.2‰ and 13.2‰ ± 6.0‰ in wet and dry seasons, respectively, indicated manure and/or sewage as main sources of groundwater NO3−. However, a concurrent enrichment of δ15N and δ18O was observed, especially in the dry season, with a corresponding NO3− decrease, indicating in situ denitrification. In addition, partial nitrification of mostly sewage derived NH4+ appeared to be responsible for increased NO2− concentrations observed in the dry season. Specifically, targeted δ11B data indicated that sewage was the main source of groundwater NO3− pollution in shallow wells within Kisumu informal settlements, boreholes in Ahero, and public institutions in populated neighborhoods of Kano; while manure was the main source of NO3− in boreholes and shallow wells in the Kano and planned estates around Kisumu. Waste-water sanitation systems in the region should be urgently improved to avoid further deterioration of groundwater sources.

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“…Lee-Smith (2006) shows that the predominance of women farmers in sub-Saharan Africa is attributed to the fact that women often bear the main responsibility for household subsistence and well-being as well as their lower educational levels than men and thus reduced prospects for other employment opportunities. The activity of urban agriculture has continued to rise in African cities despite the fact that it represents a highly contested phenomenon (Rogerson 1993;Bowyer-Bower 1997;Foeken 2006;Mireri et al 2007). During the 1990s, Choguill (1995, p. 149) recorded that whilst 'on paper the city authorities may forbid urban agriculture for one reason or another, in practice it is an activity which is pursued not just by the poor but frequently by the middle classes as well'.…”

Section: Key International Policy Debatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Agriculture and Public Administration: Institutional Context and Local Response in Gauteng

Rogerson

2011

Urban Forum

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For public administrators, urban agriculture is a subject of critical policy debate across the developing world. This paper analyses the institutional context and recent public responses to the state of urban agriculture in Gauteng, South Africa's economic heartland. In policy terms, several supportive initiatives exist in urban areas of Gauteng. Mostly, these policy initiatives are driven by the provincial administration in partnership with other stakeholders, including the tier of local (metropolitan municipality) government. Nevertheless, sub-national initiatives are relatively weak and lack the impact that a national policy for urban agriculture might produce.

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Environmental risks of urban agriculture in the Lake Victoria drainage basin: A case of Kisumu municipality, Kenya

Cited by 23 publications

References 1 publication

Role, ownership and presence of domestic animals in peri‐urban households of Kisumu, Kenya

Role, ownership and presence of domestic animals in peri‐urban households of Kisumu, Kenya

Tracking Sources and Fate of Groundwater Nitrate in Kisumu City and Kano Plains, Kenya

Urban Agriculture and Public Administration: Institutional Context and Local Response in Gauteng

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