Environmental Role of Pathogenic Traits in Vibrio cholerae

Sakib, Sk Nazmus; Reddi, Geethika; Almagro‐Moreno, Salvador

doi:10.1128/jb.00795-17

Cited by 50 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 157 publications

(225 reference statements)

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“…Virulence genes detected in all strains are likely to encode proteins that are probably primarily important for survival and niche adaptation in the natural aquatic environment of V. cholerae [68]. These factors comprise, e.g., hemolysin genes (tlh, hlyA, dth), genes for quorum sensing (luxS, cqsA), the hemagglutination/protease (hap), and genes of T6SS mediating antagonistic interactions against many prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms [47,68]. The occurrence of these virulence factors was observed in all non-O1, non-O139 strains in a previous study [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 Isolates Recovered from Domestic Ducks in Germany

et al. 2020

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Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 bacteria are natural inhabitants of aquatic ecosystems and have been sporadically associated with human infections. They mostly lack the two major virulence factors of toxigenic V. cholerae serogroups O1 and O139 strains, which are the causative agent of cholera. Non-O1, non-O139 strains are found in water bodies, sediments, and in association with other aquatic organisms. Occurrence of these bacteria in fecal specimens of waterfowl were reported, and migratory birds likely contribute to the long-distance transfer of strains. We investigated four V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 isolates for phenotypic traits and by whole genome sequencing (WGS). The isolates were recovered from organs of domestic ducks with serious disease symptoms. WGS data revealed only a distant genetic relationship between all isolates. The isolates harbored a number of virulence factors found in most V. cholerae strains. Specific virulence factors of non-O1, non-O139 strains, such as the type III secretion system (TTSS) or cholix toxin, were observed. An interesting observation is that all isolates possess multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin toxins (MARTX) closely related to the MARTX of toxigenic El Tor O1 strains. Different primary sequences of the abundant OmpU proteins could indicate a significant role of this virulence factor. Phenotypic characteristics such as hemolysis and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) were studied. Three isolates showed susceptibility to a number of tested antimicrobials, and one strain possessed AMR genes located in an integron. Knowledge of the environmental occurrence of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 in Germany is limited. The source of the infection of the ducks is currently unknown. In the context of the ‘One Health’ concept, it is desirable to study the ecology of V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139, as it cannot be excluded that the isolates possess zoonotic potential and could cause infections in humans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 Isolates Recovered from Domestic Ducks in Germany

et al. 2020

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“…Could it be that some of the localized outbreaks occurring in these communities are due to these pathogens? Also, V. cholerae are known to acquire pathogenicity factors and virulence regulators encoded in mobile genetic elements from the environment and lysogenic phages during biotic and abiotic pressures ( Sakib et al, 2018 ). Since V. cholerae were naturally present in these water it is possible for this mechanism to play a role in emergence of virulence straits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Surveillance of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 in the Five African Great Lakes and Other Major Surface Water Sources in Uganda

et al. 2018

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Cholera is a major public health problem in the African Great Lakes basin. Two hypotheses might explain this observation, namely the lakes are reservoirs of toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 bacteria, or cholera outbreaks are a result of repeated pathogen introduction from the neighboring communities/countries but the lakes facilitate the introductions. A prospective study was conducted in Uganda between February 2015 and January 2016 in which 28 selected surface water sources were tested for the presence of V. cholerae species using cholera rapid test and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Of 322 water samples tested, 35 (10.8%) were positive for V. cholerae non O1/non O139 and two samples tested positive for non-toxigenic atypical V. cholerae O139. None of the samples tested had toxigenic V. cholerae O1 or O139 that are responsible for cholera epidemics. The Lake Albert region registered the highest number of positive tests for V. cholerae non O1/non O139 at 47% (9/19). The peak period for V. cholerae non O1/non O139 positive tests was in March–July 2015 which coincided with the first rainy season in Uganda. This study showed that the surface water sources, including the African Great Lakes in Uganda, are less likely to be reservoirs for the observed V. cholerae O1 or O139 epidemics, though they are natural habitats for V. cholerae non O1/non O139 and atypical non-toxigenic V. cholerae O139. Further studies by WGS tests of non-toxigenic atypical V. cholerae O139 and physicochemical tests of surface water sources that supports V. cholerae should be done to provide more information. Since V. cholerae non O1/non O139 may cause other human infections, their continued surveillance is needed to understand their potential pathogenicity.

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“…cholera [9]. Type IV pili, organelles that are important for the asymptomatic colonization of plant tissues, are also associated with mammalian tissue invasion [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free-living psychrophilic bacteria of the genusPsychrobacterare descendants of pathobionts

Welter

Ruaud

Henseler

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Host-adapted microbiota are generally thought to have evolved from free-living ancestors. This process is in principle reversible, but examples are few. The genus Psychrobacter (family Moraxellaceae, phylum Gamma-Proteobacteria) includes species inhabiting diverse and mostly polar environments, such as sea ice and marine animals. To probe the evolutionary history of Psychrobacter, we analyzed 85 Psychrobacter strains by comparative genomics and phenotyping under 24 different growth conditions. Genome-based phylogeny shows Psychrobacter are derived from Moraxella, which are warm-adapted pathobionts. Psychrobacter strains form two ecotypes based on growth temperature: flexible (FE, growth at 4 - 37C), and restricted (RE, 4 - 25C). FE strains, which can be either phylogenetically basal or derived, have smaller genomes and higher transposon copy numbers. RE strains have larger genomes, and show genomic adaptations towards a psychrophilic lifestyle and are phylogenetically derived only. We then assessed Psychrobacter abundance in 86 mostly wild polar bear stools and tested persistence of select strains in germfree mice. Psychrobacter (both FE and RE) was enriched in stool of polar bears feeding on mammals, but only FE strains persisted in germfree mice. Together these results indicate growth at 37°C is ancestral in Psychrobacter, lost in many derived species, and likely necessary to colonize the mammalian gut.

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Environmental Role of Pathogenic Traits in Vibrio cholerae

Cited by 50 publications

References 157 publications

Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 Isolates Recovered from Domestic Ducks in Germany

Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 Isolates Recovered from Domestic Ducks in Germany

Environmental Surveillance of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 in the Five African Great Lakes and Other Major Surface Water Sources in Uganda

Free-living psychrophilic bacteria of the genusPsychrobacterare descendants of pathobionts

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