Environmental screening of potential biomass for green biorefinery conversion

Abstract

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Demonstration‐scale protein recovery by lactic acid fermentation from grass clover – a single case of the production of protein concentrate and press cake silage for animal feeding trials

“…The silage press cake accounted for the major part of both the input DM and input CP, yielding 79% and 72%, respectively. The press cake (so‐called ruminant feed) produced from grass clover, ryegrass, alfalfa or festulolium in a small‐scale decentralized biorefinery recovered between 6.7 × 10 2 and 7.1 × 10 2 kg DM per ton DM in the fresh biomass according to Corona et al, which corresponds to a DM yield of between 67% and 71%, close to the yield achieved in this work. Consequently, the DM and CP yields in the fermented juice ended up in the lower end giving 17% and 23%, respectively.…”

“…Accordingly, the cellulose content accounted for 16.2% DM in the fresh biomass and 21.2% DM in the press cake while the hemicellulose content accounted for 16.8% DM in fresh biomass and 21.0% DM in the press cake. Similarly, grass clover mixture with 18.7% DM cellulose and 16.7% DM hemicellulose yielded a press cake with 27.1% DM cellulose and 21.2% DM hemicellulose, after fractionation in a screw press . The distribution of fibers was as expected: only small soluble fibers would be washed out in the green juice, and the rest would remain in the press cake .…”

“…The separation by centrifugation of fermented green juice into protein concentrate and residual brown juice was much lower than expected, yielding only 21% of the DM or 29% of the CP present in the fermented juice and only 4% of the total DM or 7% of the total CP in the input biomass. For instance, the DM yields achieved for protein concentrates produced by heat coagulation in a small‐scale decentralized biorefinery were between 17% and 18% . The reason for the low yield is, first, due to a high unknown loss of protein concentrate related to the two forced process stoppages caused by accumulation of product in the drying chamber.…”

“…For instance, the DM yields achieved for protein concentrates produced by heat coagulation in a small-scale decentralized biorefinery were between 17% and 18%. 22 The reason for the low yield is, first, due to a high unknown loss of protein concentrate related to the two forced process stoppages caused by accumulation of product in the drying chamber. Second, the concentration of both DM and CP in the brown juice of 6% of juice and 19% of DM, respectively, was more than double the concentrations reported in previous studies.…”

Biolubricant production from edible and novel indigenous vegetable oils: mainstream methodology, and prospects and challenges in Iran

“…The main objective of the establishment of biorefineries is to maximize the economic value of biomass‐based products to reduce reliance on crude oil, mitigate environmental pollution, and stimulate sustainable development, especially in rural areas . According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), Bioenergy Task 42, a biorefinery is defined as a sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products and energy .…”