Environmental sensor system for expanded capability of PEM fuel cell use in high air contaminant conditions

Higgins, Scott R.; Ewan, J.; St‐Pierre, Jean; Severa, Godwin; Davies, Kevin L.; Bethune, Keith; Goodarzi, Abas; Rocheleau, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.10.138

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To be emphasized, non-negligible temperature differences exist inside fuel cells, which can be caused by different membrane materials, different gas diffusion layer materials as well as different gas flow channel structures of a bipolar plate. In many studies [5,88,128,129], fuel cell stack temperatures are represented by coolant temperatures which are measured by the temperature management sub-system. However, complex electrochemical reactions inside a fuel cell stack result in the cell temperatures differing from each other at various locations.…”

Section: Fuel Cell Internal Temperature Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, sensors of PEMFC systems were divided into physical sensors and gas sensors [4,5]. On the one hand, physical sensors, which reflect the system operating state and relate to the control procedure, are used to detect physicals signals, e.g., pressure, mass flow rate, temperature, relative humidity, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cheng et al [11] reviewed the PEMFC contaminations and highlighted that carbon oxide, especially carbon monoxide (CO), impacted the fuel cell performance significantly. Therefore, the gas contamination sensors system, which is also identified as the environment sensor system of FCEV, attracts more and more attentions of researchers nowadays to help alarm the appearance of gas contaminations and decrease the negative impacts on PEMFC [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensor development and optimization for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system in automotive applications

Wang

Morando

Gaillard

et al. 2021

Journal of Power Sources

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Section: Fuel Cell Internal Temperature Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Sensor development and optimization for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system in automotive applications

Wang

Morando

Gaillard

et al. 2021

Journal of Power Sources

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“…Degradation is still an issue delaying larger-scale adoption . Contamination is an important source of degradation increasing commercialization risks because system robustness partly relies on an air filter that may be faulty or is no longer able to perform its function due to negligence about its maintenance. A multitude of contaminants exist, and the majority of those that have been tested have shown several detrimental effects including kinetic, ohmic, and mass transfer overpotential increases .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contamination Mechanisms of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells - Mass Transfer Overpotential Origin

et al. 2020

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Several experimental methods were used to identify the cause of the concurrent increase in kinetic and mass transfer overpotentials during the contamination of proton exchange membrane fuel cells outfitted with a commercially relevant cathode catalyst loading of 0.1 mg Pt per cm2. Neutron images demonstrated that the transport of liquid water through gas diffusion electrode materials was subtly affected by the presence of propene and methyl methacrylate in air at ppm levels (25 to 100 ppm propene, 12.5 to 50 ppm methyl methacrylate). Multioxidant polarization curves were obtained to isolate overpotentials (O2, 21% O2 + 79% He, and air). For all cases, neat air, 50 ppm propene in air, and 25 ppm methyl methacrylate in air, only kinetic and mass transfer overpotentials increased (O2 reduction on a Pt supported on C catalyst, O2 diffusion through the catalyst layer ionomer). Also, only the O2 mass transfer coefficient associated with diffusion in the catalyst layer ionomer increased in the presence of 50 ppm propene and 25 ppm methyl methacrylate. Contaminant species adsorbed on the catalyst decrease the active surface area and increase both the real current density and the O2 reduction kinetic overpotential. The smaller active surface area also brings the real current density closer to the limiting value, inducing an increase of the mass transfer overpotential connected with O2 movement in the ionomer layer covering the catalyst. This mechanism was supported by a mathematical contamination model focused on contaminant and O2 processes on the catalyst surface (adsorption, reaction, desorption).

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“…To have a PEMFC diagnosis, the fault detection method has been used commonly to guarantee correct and safe operation in the PEMFC system [7,11,12]. However, to achieve such a diagnosis, several sensors have been used to measure different parameters like the mass flow, oxygen pressure, hydrogen pressure, compressor velocity, electrical current, water pressure, voltage, and temperature of the stack [11,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Oxygen Pressure Estimator Using the Immersion and Invariance Method for a Particular PEMFC System

2020

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The fault detection method has been used usually to give a diagnosis of the performance and efficiency in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems. To be able to use this method a lot of sensors are implemented in the PEMFC to measure different parameters like pressure, temperature, voltage, and electrical current. However, despite the high reliability of the sensors, they can fail or give erroneous measurements. To address this problem, an efficient solution to replace the sensors must be found. For this reason, in this work, the immersion and invariance method is proposed to develop an oxygen pressure estimator based on the voltage, electrical current density, and temperature measurements. The estimator stability region is calculated by applying Lyapunov’s Theorem and constraints to achieve stability are established for the oxygen pressure, electrical current density, and temperature. Under these estimator requirements, oxygen pressure measurements of high reliability are obtained to fault diagnosis without the need to use an oxygen sensor.

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Environmental sensor system for expanded capability of PEM fuel cell use in high air contaminant conditions

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Sensor development and optimization for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system in automotive applications

Sensor development and optimization for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell system in automotive applications

Contamination Mechanisms of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells - Mass Transfer Overpotential Origin

Development of an Oxygen Pressure Estimator Using the Immersion and Invariance Method for a Particular PEMFC System

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