Environmental siblings of black agents of human chromoblastomycosis

SUMMARY Chromoblastomycosis (CBM), also known as chromomycosis, is one of the most prevalent implantation fungal infections, being the most common of the gamut of mycoses caused by melanized or brown-pigmented fungi. CBM is mainly a tropical or subtropical disease that may affect individuals with certain risk factors around the world. The following characteristics are associated with this disease: (i) traumatic inoculation by implantation from an environmental source, leading to an initial cutaneous lesion at the inoculation site; (ii) chronic and progressive cutaneous and subcutaneous tissular involvement associated with fibrotic and granulomatous reactions associated with microabscesses and often with tissue proliferation; (iii) a nonprotective T helper type 2 (Th2) immune response with ineffective humoral involvement; and (iv) the presence of muriform (sclerotic) cells embedded in the affected tissue. CBM lesions are clinically polymorphic and are commonly misdiagnosed as various other infectious and noninfectious diseases. In its more severe clinical forms, CBM may cause an incapacity for labor due to fibrotic sequelae and also due to a series of clinical complications, and if not recognized at an early stage, this disease can be refractory to antifungal therapy.

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“…1). All agents are flanked by species that cause other types of disease and by environmental species (55,56).…”

Section: Molecular Phylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2017

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“…Although traumatic inoculation from thorns or wood splinters is a likely source of onset of the disease (4), the infection process and route of dispersal have been insufficiently clarified (5,6), particularly in disseminated cases. Several members of the black yeast order Chaetothyriales in the genera Cladophialophora, Exophiala, Fonsecaea, Phialophora, and Rhinocladiella are able to cause chromoblastomycosis or chromoblastomycosis-like infections, of which infections with C. carrionii and F. pedrosoi are the most frequent (1,7,8).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fonsecaea pedrosoi is classically assumed to be responsible for almost 99% of the clinical cases (21,22). However, since Fonsecaea agents of the disease are morphologically indistinguishable (2,5,23) and specimens from cases have mostly not been cultured, it is possible that other agents have a higher prevalence than currently thought. The three current agents have been distinguished by multilocus sequencing, and several molecular tests are currently available for their distinction in the routine laboratory (5,24,25).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, since Fonsecaea agents of the disease are morphologically indistinguishable (2,5,23) and specimens from cases have mostly not been cultured, it is possible that other agents have a higher prevalence than currently thought. The three current agents have been distinguished by multilocus sequencing, and several molecular tests are currently available for their distinction in the routine laboratory (5,24,25). In the present report, we present findings on a case of chromoblastomycosis from Maranhão state which involved the skin and disseminated to the brain, having a fatal course.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Fonsecaea pugnacius, a Novel Agent of Disseminated Chromoblastomycosis

et al. 2015

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fWe report a fatal case of a chromoblastomycosis-like infection caused by a novel species of Fonsecaea in a 52-year-old immunocompetent Caucasian male from an area of chromoblastomycosis endemicity in Brazil. The patient had a 30-year history of slowly evolving, verrucous lesions on the right upper arm which gradually affected the entire arm, the left hemifacial area, and the nose. Subsequent dissemination to the brain was observed, which led to death of the patient. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial large subunit (LSU), BT2, and CDC42 genes of the isolates recovered from skin and brain were sequenced, confirming the novelty of the species. The species is clinically unique in causing brain abscesses secondary to chromoblastomycosis lesions despite the apparent intact immunity of the patient. Histopathologic appearances were very different, showing muriform cells in skin and hyphae in brain.

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“…The genus was introduced by Hutchison and Untereiner (1995) (Hutchison et al 1995, Tsuneda et al 2005, Réblová et al 2013, Selbmann et al 2013, Vicente et al 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knufia aspidiotus sp. nov., a new black yeast from scale insects

Bai

Sun

et al. 2013

Phytotaxa

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Three ascomycetes, isolated from the body cavity of the scale insect, Aspidiotus sp., collected in Song Mountain, Yanqing, Beijing, China, were identified to be a new species of Knufia. Knufia aspidiotus sp. nov. is introduced in this paper. The species is characterized by slow-growing, dematiaceous and blastic, endogenous conidia in undifferentiated hyphae, as well as darkly pigmented, enlarged multicellular bodies, and is similar to other Knufia species in morphology. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the small ribosomal subunit (SSU) gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, indicated that Knufia aspidiotus was related to, but clearly distant from other sequenced species in Knufia.

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Environmental siblings of black agents of human chromoblastomycosis

Cited by 52 publications

References 37 publications

Chromoblastomycosis

Chromoblastomycosis

Fonsecaea pugnacius, a Novel Agent of Disseminated Chromoblastomycosis

Knufia aspidiotus sp. nov., a new black yeast from scale insects

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