Environmental signaling: from environmental estrogens to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and beyond

McLachlan, John A.

doi:10.1111/andr.12206

Cited by 90 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…Several of the epigenetic changes induced by EDCs may explain their propensity to induce adipogenesis and inhibit osteogenesis. These epigenetic changes can also be passed to subsequent generations of stem cells and if present in the germline, can persist in subsequent generations of offspring (21, 23, 29, 31, 40, 42, 144). …”

Section: Development Of Epigenetic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review

et al. 2017

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are prevalent in the environment, and epidemiologic studies have suggested that human exposure is linked to chronic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes. In vitro experiments have further demonstrated that EDCs promote changes in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), leading to increases in adipogenic differentiation, decreases in osteogenic differentiation, activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, increases in oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes. Studies have also shown alteration in trophic factor production, differentiation ability, and immunomodulatory capacity of MSCs, which have significant implications to the current studies exploring MSCs for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications and the treatment of inflammatory conditions. Thus, the consideration of the effects of EDCs on MSCs is vital when determining potential therapeutic uses of MSCs, as increased exposure to EDCs may cause MSCs to be less effective therapeutically. This review focuses on the adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation effects of EDCs as these are most relevant to the therapeutic uses of MSCs in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and inflammatory conditions. This review will highlight the effects of EDCs, including organophosphates, plasticizers, industrial surfactants, coolants, and lubricants, on MSC biology.

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Section: Development Of Epigenetic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review

et al. 2017

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“…Exposure by inhalation and possibly through the skin may more than double the PCB body burden in individuals exposed at the residence or at school (Meyer et al ., 2013). Considering the mounting evidence that numerous of these environmental xenobiotics exhibit endocrine activity in in vitro and in vivo assays, there is basis for substantial concern regarding the potential health effects in humans (Gabrielsen and Tanrikut, 2016; McLachlan, 2016; Trasande et al ., 2016), even if alarming reports on, for instance, declining sperm counts are circumstantial or not corroborated (Bonde et al ., 2011) and the best evidence we have is reassuring (Jorgensen et al ., 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiologic evidence linking prenatal and postnatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with male reproductive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Bonde

Flachs

Rimborg

et al. 2016

Hum. Reprod. Update

253

128

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BACKGROUNDMore than 20 years ago, it was hypothesized that exposure to prenatal and early postnatal environmental xenobiotics with the potential to disrupt endogenous hormone signaling might be on the causal path to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low sperm count and testicular cancer. Several consensus statements and narrative reviews in recent years have divided the scientific community and have elicited a call for systematic transparent reviews. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge in the field of male reproductive disorders.OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALEThe aim of this study was to systematically synthesize published data on the risk of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low sperm counts and testicular cancer following in utero or infant exposure to chemicals that have been included on the European Commission's list of Category 1 endocrine disrupting chemicals defined as having documented adverse effects due to endocrine disruption in at least one intact organism.SEARCH METHODSA systematic literature search for original peer reviewed papers was performed in the databases PubMed and Embase to identify epidemiological studies reporting associations between the outcomes of interest and exposures documented by biochemical analyses of biospecimens including maternal blood or urine, placenta or fat tissue as well as amnion fluid, cord blood or breast milk; this was followed by meta-analysis of quantitative data.OUTCOMESThe literature search resulted in 1314 references among which we identified 33 papers(28 study populations) fulfilling the eligibility criteria. These provided 85 risk estimates of links between persistent organic pollutants and rapidly metabolized compounds (phthalates and Bisphenol A) and male reproductive disorders. The overall odds ratio (OR) across all exposures and outcomes was 1.11 (95% CI 0.91–1.35). When assessing four specific chemical subgroups with sufficient data for meta-analysis for all outcomes, we found that exposure to one of the four compounds, p,p′-DDE, was related to an elevated risk: OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.04–1.74). The data did not indicate that this increased risk was driven by any specific disorder.WIDER IMPLICATIONSThe current epidemiological evidence is compatible with a small increased risk of male reproductive disorders following prenatal and postnatal exposure to some persistent environmental chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors but the evidence is limited. Future epidemiological studies may change the weight of the evidence in either direction. No evidence of distortion due to publication bias was found, but exposure–response relationships are not evident. There are insufficient data on rapidly metabolized endocrine disruptors and on specific exposure–outcome relations. A particular data gap is evident with respect to delayed effects on semen quality and testicular cancer. Although high quality epidemiological studies are still sparse, future systematic and transparent reviews may provide pieces of evidence contributing to the narrative and weight of the evidence assessments in th...

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“…Which factor (or factors) this could be is hard to imagine, as the most obvious lifestyle factors (food intake and physical activity) appear not to be involved. The emergence (or disappearance) of some sort of environmental pollutant(s), which may have BP as well as endocrine effects [21][22][23], could at least theoretically be such a factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lost relation between blood pressure and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Jorde

Grimnes

2018

Blood Pressure

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Background: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have consistently been associated with hypertension. During the last decades there has been an unexplained reduction in blood pressure (BP) in Western countries. We therefore examined the relation between serum 25(OH)D and BP in the 7th survey of the Tromsø study 2015/2016. Methods: Blood pressure and serum 25(OH)D were measured and life-style factors registered in 15,951 subjects not using BP medication. Results: In unadjusted analyses there was a significant negative association between serum 25(OH)D and systolic and diastolic BP that disappeared after adjusting for relevant confounders. This finding is in contrast to our previous reports on 25(OH)D and BP. We therefore cross-sectionally re-analyzed non-smoking (due to interference by smoking in the 25(OH)D assay) subjects not using BP medication from the 4th survey in 1994/1995 (n ¼ 4108), 6th survey in 2007/ 2008 (n ¼ 7553) and 7th survey 2015/2016 (n ¼ 13,413). Adjusting for age and BMI, there were significant inverse relations between BP and 25(OH)D in the 4th, to a lesser degree in the 6th, and none in the 7th survey. For males the age-and BMI-adjusted differences in systolic BP between those with serum 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L versus serum 25(OH)D > 100 nmol/L were 6.2 mmHg, 4.1 mmHg and À0.1 mmHg, for the 4th, 6th and 7th surveys, respectively. Conclusions: Concomitant with a substantial reduction in BP from 1994 to 2015, there has been a loss of relation between 25(OH)D and BP which is hard to explain. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Environmental signaling: from environmental estrogens to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals and beyond

Cited by 90 publications

References 85 publications

The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review

The Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Adipogenesis and Osteogenesis in Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Review

The epidemiologic evidence linking prenatal and postnatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with male reproductive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Lost relation between blood pressure and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

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