Environmental significance of development theory

Trainer, F.E.

doi:10.1016/0921-8009(90)90015-m

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…These high rates and short-term perspectives are based on traditional economic policies intended to encourage growth in gross national product and exports (Mikesell 1991); they are generally incompatible with sustainability (Clark 1973, Costanza 1991, Farber 1991, Vincent 1992. In many cases development efforts that have applied these criteria have had little or no positive impact on the standard of living of local inhabitants (Trainer 1990). We have chosen a discount rate of 3% and a project duration of 50 yr for our baseline analyses.…”

Section: Discount Rates and Project Durationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment Planting in Selectively Logged Rain Forest: A Combined Ecological and Economic Analysis

Schulze¹,

Leighton²,

Peart³

1994

Ecological Applications

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This content downloaded from 132.174.254.159 on Wed, Abstract. We demonstrate how research on innovative agroforestry systems, incorporating new species and management approaches, can benefit from preliminary financial appraisals that include both economic and ecological variables in quantitative cost-benefit models. Model results provide vital information for planning further research, and thus increase the likelihood of finding practical solutions to urgent resource management problems within reasonable funding and time constraints. As a case study, we evaluate the potential of enrichment plantings of three native fruit-producing genera in selectively logged rain forests of Kalimantan, Indonesia. The models use preliminary estimates of 8 ecological parameters (e.g., survival, growth rate, fruit production) and 11 economic parameters (e.g., planting and harvesting costs, market prices) to predict net present value (NPV) over a variety of project durations and discount rates. Sensitivity analyses examine the effect of changes in input parameters. The genera were chosen (1) for ecological complementarity in the use of light resources and (2) to produce fruit at times when commonly harvested species are unavailable in markets. Dialium spp. are canopy trees that produce timber and a relatively nonperishable fruit; Willughbeia spp. are fast-growing lianas that produce fruit; Garcinia spp. are understory fruit trees. Sensitivity analyses indicate that all three genera have potential for substantial positive NPV, and that NPV projections depend heavily upon fruit price, fruit production, age of first reproduction, juvenile survivorship, and harvesting and marketing costs. In addition, these analyses demonstrate that preliminary, combined ecological-economic analysis can guide the selection of species and research strategies for experimental trials.

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Section: Discount Rates and Project Durationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment Planting in Selectively Logged Rain Forest: A Combined Ecological and Economic Analysis

Schulze¹,

Leighton²,

Peart³

1994

Ecological Applications

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“…Since people have no direct participation -in forest management processes, management becomes an issue of conflicting interests. Diversion on emphasis from market forces and growth maximization to local economic self sufficiency and abandonment of rich world living standards need to be addressed in the development planning (Trainer, 1990). Three distinct forest management phases could be identified viz., production forestry, social forestry and conservation forestry.…”

Section: Efforts For Sustainable Management-illusions Of Success and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Forestry - Prospects in India

Saxena¹,

Rao²,

Purohit³

1993

Journal of Sustainable Forestry

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There are wide gaps in the demand and production of forest based requirements. Available estimates are variable and also suffer from serious methodological drawbacks. Elements of unsustainability are thus qualitatively well understood but not precisely defined in quantitative terms. There is lack of methodology which could project the multiple utility values of forests in a perceptible way. A competition amongst the alternative values of forests, particularly the subsistence needs and economic returns, exists. Shortsightedness in analyzing the possible impacts of recently introduced management systems is likely to accompany more problems than heir anticipated benefits. The need of undertaking long term analysis is logical to ensure sustainability. The data available suggest that productive superiority of exotics like Eucalyptus spp. over the indigenous ones like Shorea robusra and Tectona grandis is apparent only in a short term perspective. In case of fast growing species, the cost of production in terms of the fundamental resources like minerals, needs to be looked into.It is concluded that sustainable forestry though felt to be desirable, may not be achievable exclusively by ways of emphasizing on higher yields and current method of conservation. Reduction in re-

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“…Allen and Barness (1995), Repetto and Holmes (1983), Rudel (1989), and Ehlich and Holdren (1971) empirically indicated the pressure of a causal relationship between rapid population growth and environmental degradation. Trainer (1990) stated that most of the developing countries suffer because of the rapid increase in population, that in turns cause to deplete natural resources, raising air and water pollution, deforestation, soil erosion, overgrasing and damage to marine and coastal ecosystem. There is a tremendous pressure on the environmental resources to produce more food for growing population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between Population and Environmental Degradation

Ahmad¹,

Azhar²,

Wasti³

et al. 2022

pdr

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Economic development and population growth in the poor areas of the earth is a subject of an essential concern for the environmental economists. Developing countries are facing and suffering by the serious problem of high population growth which is causing environmental degradation. A rapidly growing population exerts pressure on agricultural land and raises demand for food and shelter which encourages the conversion of forest land for agricultural and residential uses, now we know that growing population is a major cause of air, water, and solid waste pollution. The world population was 2.52 billion in the year 1950, which increased to 6.06 billion in 2000 and is likely to reach 8.3 billion by the year 2030. While the population size will remain almost stationary in the economically developed part of the world, around 1.2 billion, during the same period population is likely to grow in the less developed regions. This is likely to pose challenges for the economic growth and pressure on environmental resources in the developing countries. Furthermore, most of the population growth in the developing countries is likely to be concentrated in the urban areas. This has implication for increased demand for energy and water resources in the urban areas. This will also pose challenges for the management of increased solid waste, air and water pollution. One of the striking experiences of the developing

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Environmental significance of development theory

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Enrichment Planting in Selectively Logged Rain Forest: A Combined Ecological and Economic Analysis

Enrichment Planting in Selectively Logged Rain Forest: A Combined Ecological and Economic Analysis

Sustainable Forestry - Prospects in India

Interaction between Population and Environmental Degradation

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