Environmental stress, facilitation, competition, and coexistence

Hart, Simon P.; Marshall, Dustin J.

doi:10.1890/12-0804.1

Cited by 100 publications

(112 citation statements)

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“…In B. neritina , Svensson and Marshall () showed that food availability affects colony growth. Similarly, body size and fitness decrease with increasing conspecific densities (Allen, Buckley, & Marshall, ; Ghedini, White, & Marshall, ; Hart & Marshall, ). High conspecific densities, furthermore, result in decreased individual metabolic rates along with decreased feeding rates (Ghedini et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of food, body size, and fragmentation on metabolic rate in a sessile marine invertebrate

Schuster

White

Marshall

2019

Invertebrate Biology

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Metabolic rates vary among individuals according to food availability and phenotype, most notably body size. Disentangling size from other factors (e.g., age, reproductive status) can be difficult in some groups, but modular organisms may provide an opportunity for manipulating size experimentally. While modular organisms are increasingly used to understand metabolic scaling, the potential of feeding to alter metabolic scaling has not been explored in this group. Here, we perform a series of experiments to examine the drivers of metabolic rate in a modular marine invertebrate, the bryozoan Bugula neritina. We manipulated size and examined metabolic rate in either fed or starved individuals to test for interactions between size manipulation and food availability. Field collected colonies of unknown age showed isometric metabolic scaling, but those colonies in which size was manipulated showed allometric scaling. To further disentangle age effects from size effects, we measured metabolic rate of individuals of known age and again found allometric scaling. Metabolic rate strongly depended on access to food: starvation decreased metabolic rate by 20% and feeding increased metabolic rate by 43%. In comparison to other marine invertebrates, however, the increase in metabolic rate, as well as the duration of the increase (known as specific dynamic action, SDA), were both low. Importantly, neither starvation nor feeding altered the metabolic scaling of our colonies. Overall, we found that field‐collected individuals showed isometric metabolic scaling, whereas metabolic rate of size‐manipulated colonies scaled allometrically with body size. Thus, metabolic scaling is affected by size manipulation but not feeding in this colonial marine invertebrate.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of food, body size, and fragmentation on metabolic rate in a sessile marine invertebrate

Schuster

White

Marshall

2019

Invertebrate Biology

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“…The consumption of food during those moments of lower activity (midday and afternoon) could be related to the availability of such items nearby shelter sites. When analyzing consumer relations, it is relevant also to delve into those unexplored as may be facilitating habitat (Hart and Marshall 2013). This type of interaction has been registered in the anomuran A. uruguayana (Schmitt 1942), wherein the step of diatoms to the digestive tract results in an increase in their rate of reproduction (Devercelli and Williner 2006).…”

Section: Naupliimentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding spectra and activity of the freshwater crab Trichodactylus kensleyi (Decapoda: Brachyura: Trichodactylidae) at La Plata basin

2014

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Background: In inland water systems, it is important to characterize the trophic links in order to identify the 'trophic species' and, from the studies of functional diversity, understand the dynamics of matter and energy in these environments. The aim of this study is to analyze the natural diet of Trichodactylus kensleyi of subtropical rainforest streams and corroborate the temporal variation in the trophic activity during day hours. Results: A total of 15 major taxonomic groups were recognized in gut contents. The index of relative importance identified the following main prey items in decreasing order of importance: vegetal remains, oligochaetes, chironomid larvae, and algae. A significant difference was found in the amount of full stomachs during day hours showing a less trophic activity at midday and afternoon. The index of relative importance values evidenced the consumption of different prey according to day moments. Results of the gut content indicate that T. kensleyi is an omnivorous crab like other trichodactylid species. Opportunistic behavior is revealed by the ingestion of organisms abundant in streams such as oligochaetes and chironomid larvae. The consumption of allochthonous plant debris shows the importance of this crab as shredder in subtropical streams. However, the effective assimilation of plant matter is yet unknown in trichodactylid crabs. Conclusions: This research provides knowledge that complements previous studies about trophic relationships of trichodactylid crabs and supported the importance of T. kensleyi in the transference of energy and matter from benthic community and riparian sources to superior trophic levels using both macro-and microfauna.

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“…Hacker & Gaines ; Cavieres & Badano ; Soliveres & Maestre ). However, the role of these interactions in promoting species coexistence has rarely been addressed, and the few attempts have used theoretical or modelling approaches (Molofsky, Bever & Antonovics ; Gross ; Greenspoon & M'Gonigle ; but see Hart & Marshall ; Gross et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…). However, much less attention has been paid to the potential for positive interactions to benefit species when they are rare and to increase their abundance (but see Gross ; Hart & Marshall ; Gross et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A missing link between facilitation and plant species coexistence: nurses benefit generally rare species more than common ones

et al. 2015

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Summary1. Positive interactions among plants can increase species richness by relaxing environmental filters and providing more heterogeneous environments. However, it is not known if facilitation could affect coexistence through other mechanisms. Most studies on plant coexistence focus on negative frequency-dependent mechanisms (decreasing the abundance of common species); here, we test if facilitation can enhance coexistence by giving species an advantage when rare. 2. To test our hypothesis, we used a global data set from drylands and alpine environments and measured the intensity of facilitation (based on co-occurrences with nurse plants) for 48 species present in at least 4 different sites and with a range of abundances in the field. We compared these results with the degree of facilitation experienced by species which are globally rare or common (according to the IUCN Red List), and with a larger data base including over 1200 co-occurrences of target species with their nurses. 3. Facilitation was stronger for rare species (i.e. those having lower local abundances or considered endangered by the IUCN) than for common species, and strongly decreased with the abundance of the facilitated species. These results hold after accounting for the distance of each species from its ecological optimum (i.e. the degree of functional stress it experiences). 4. Synthesis. Our results highlight that nurse plants not only increase the number of species able to colonize a given site, but may also promote species coexistence by preventing the local extinction of rare species. Our findings illustrate the role that nurse plants play in conserving endangered species and link the relationship between facilitation and diversity with coexistence theory. As such, they provide further mechanistic understanding on how facilitation maintains plant diversity.

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Environmental stress, facilitation, competition, and coexistence

Cited by 100 publications

References 55 publications

Influence of food, body size, and fragmentation on metabolic rate in a sessile marine invertebrate

Influence of food, body size, and fragmentation on metabolic rate in a sessile marine invertebrate

Feeding spectra and activity of the freshwater crab Trichodactylus kensleyi (Decapoda: Brachyura: Trichodactylidae) at La Plata basin

A missing link between facilitation and plant species coexistence: nurses benefit generally rare species more than common ones

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