Environmental Stress, Food Safety, and Global Health: Biochemical, Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives

Kumar, Suresh

doi:10.4172/2574-0407.1000145

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The involvement of epigenetic and epitranscriptomic marks ( Wang et al, 2016 ; Kumar et al, 2018 ; Kumar and Mohapatra, 2021 ) in regulating nutrient interactions is yet to be explored. The need of the day is to conduct more extensive, multi-level interaction studies with a system biology approach, and to decipher the integrative gene-networks to better manage the nutrient deficiencies in crop plants, towards maximizing the yield and quality of the produce ( Kumar, 2018 ).…”

Section: Master Regulators Of Multiple-nutrient Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Macro‐ and Micro-Nutrients in Plants

Kumar²,

2021

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Nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) are some of the vital nutrients required for optimum growth, development, and productivity of plants. The deficiency of any of these nutrients may lead to defects in plant growth and decreased productivity. Plant responses to the deficiency of N, P, S, Fe, or Zn have been studied mainly as a separate event, and only a few reports discuss the molecular basis of biological interaction among the nutrients. Macro-nutrients like N, P, and/or S not only show the interacting pathways for each other but also affect micro-nutrient pathways. Limited reports are available on the investigation of two-by-two or multi-level nutrient interactions in plants. Such studies on the nutrient interaction pathways suggest that an MYB-like transcription factor, phosphate starvation response 1 (PHR1), acts as a master regulator of N, P, S, Fe, and Zn homeostasis. Similarly, light-responsive transcription factors were identified to be involved in modulating nutrient responses in Arabidopsis. This review focuses on the recent advances in our understanding of how plants coordinate the acquisition, transport, signaling, and interacting pathways for N, P, S, Fe, and Zn nutrition at the molecular level. Identification of the important candidate genes for interactions between N, P, S, Fe, and/or Zn metabolic pathways might be useful for the breeders to improve nutrient use efficiency and yield/quality of crop plants. Integrated studies on pathways interactions/cross-talks between macro‐ and micro-nutrients in the agronomically important crop plants would be essential for sustainable agriculture around the globe, particularly under the changing climatic conditions.

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Section: Master Regulators Of Multiple-nutrient Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction Between Macro‐ and Micro-Nutrients in Plants

Kumar²,

2021

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“…Providing food, feed, and fodder for the growing global populations (human and domestic animals) are only the preliminary challenge; other more important challenges would be to produce them in a safe and sustainable manner. The changing global climate affects productivity and quality of the produce due to the environmental variations, which create issues for the availability and quality of food/feed/fodder [8]. Agriculture consumes about two-third of fresh water, and the reducing availability of fresh water (even for human consumption, which receives first priority) would bring challenges in sustainable agriculture.…”

Section: Agriculture: Feeding the Burgeoning Global Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Global climate change and environmental stresses affects productivity and quality of the produce; thus, create issues for food safety and health [8]. Environmental stresses like extremes of temperature, water, salts etc.…”

Section: Cultivation Of Rice: a Staple Food Cropmentioning

confidence: 99%

Late presentation of Two Rare Sacral Spine Tumors challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment in a Low Resource Setting

Kumar

2021

IJESNR

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Water is so essential for living organisms that it is said "save water, save life". Pollution of water, scarcity of water (drought), excess of water (flood) and excessive snow-fall are the different forms in which water becomes unusable/creates problems for the survival of many organisms. Therefore, saving water in its usable form is essential for the existence of life on the earth. One of the ways to save water is its judicial use, which is essential for increasing water productivity. Availability of water in sufficient amount, for those who require it, is necessary for ecological integrity as well as ecological efficiency. While ecological efficiency is related with resource utilization and the extent to which resources are converted into biomass, ecological integrity is crucial for biodiversity conservation. About two-third of the available fresh water is utilized for agricultural activities, and any imprudent/imbalanced use of water in agriculture would make it unavailable for other crops or other activities. Rice consumes plenty of water for its cultivation when grown by transplanting, which might pose challenges for its cultivation in future, particularly due to the changing climatic conditions. However, dry/direct-sown rice (DSR) is emerging as a resource-conserving, economical, and climate-smart alternative to transplanted rice (TPR). Therefore, the need of the day is to replace TPR with DSR for better water productivity, minimizing the emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases, and proceeding towards the negative emission agriculture. To produce sufficient food/feed/fodder in safe and sustainable manners for the burgeoning global populations, it is necessary to wisely use the natural resources taking the help of modern tools and techniques, along with the conventional methods, considering the biosafety and ethical issues for better ecological efficiency and integrity.

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“…Therefore, deciphering the epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation has become an important area of scientific investigations towards unraveling the mechanisms used by plants to tackle environmental stresses, survive under unfavorable conditions [24] [35]. Some of the plants (crop plants) have evolved to survive, reproduce, and produce edible (vegetative and/or reproductive) parts as food/feed of satisfactory quality to feed the burgeoning global animal and human populations [36]. The present review aims to emphasize the need to improve combined stress tolerance to several abiotic and biotic stresses in crop plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic Stresses and Their Effects on Plant Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Agricultural Produce

Kumar¹

2020

IJFSA

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Abiotic stresses, like extreme temperature, drought, flood, salinity, and heavy metals, are some of the major factors that limit crop productivity and quality. Abiotic stresses considerably affect the growth, development, and productivity of crop plants, such adverse environmental conditions may reduce the performance of the crop with reduced yield from 50% to 70%. Emission of greenhouse gases from different sources is believed to be one of the factors responsible for the gradual increase in the global ambient temperature (global warming). Global warming has also changed the precipitation pattern and contributing to erratic drought/flood stress. Abiotic stresses, particularly drought and heat stress, during the vegetative and reproductive stage of growth adversely affect biomass, grain yield, and quality of the produce. A combination of abiotic stresses, for example, drought and heat, have much greater effects on the yield and quality of the produce. However, responses of plants to these stresses may vary across the species, as well as at different developmental stages. Scarcity of water (drought) and higher temperature induces the stress-associated metabolic responses, and stomatal closure significantly decreases the uptake of CO 2. As a result, the reduction equivalents (e.g. NADPH + H +) for CO 2 fixation via the Calvin cycle declines considerably. Not only the photosynthetic process but also the biosynthetic processes involved in proteins, lipids, and minerals metabolism are affectedby adaptive responses. As a consequence of these metabolic shifts, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, and mineral compositions are significantly affected by the abiotic stresses. Although the effects of abiotic stress on the yield of cereals and grain legumes are relatively well-understood, further research on the combined effects of abiotic stresses, abiotic and biotic stresses, and their effects on crop yield and nutritional quality of the produce needs to be undertaken. Molecular genetics of the stress responses and the tolerance mechanisms are likely to pave the way forward in developing crop plants that can withstand and give economic yield under the abiotic stresses.

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Environmental Stress, Food Safety, and Global Health: Biochemical, Genetic and Epigenetic Perspectives

Cited by 7 publications

References 34 publications

Interaction Between Macro‐ and Micro-Nutrients in Plants

Interaction Between Macro‐ and Micro-Nutrients in Plants

Late presentation of Two Rare Sacral Spine Tumors challenges of Diagnosis and Treatment in a Low Resource Setting

Abiotic Stresses and Their Effects on Plant Growth, Yield and Nutritional Quality of Agricultural Produce

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