Environmental stressors, low well-being, smoking, and alcohol use among South African adolescents

Brook, David W.; Rubenstone, Elizabeth; Zhang, Chenshu; Morojele, Neo K.; Brook, Judith S.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.02.041

Cited by 45 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…[6] It has also been found that SA individuals who have high levels of psychological stress do not partake in physical exercise, and engage in poor behavioural patterns (such as alcohol consumption, smoking and drug abuse) because of an inability to cope with the high levels of perceived stress. [7] Poor behavioural patterns in conjunction with decreased physical activity levels can lead to increases in perceived stress and manifestation of chronic disease conditions, which are currently increasing rapidly in the SA population. [8] The increased prevalence of stress-related disease indicates a need for improved stress management, such as the use of the psychological technique of cognitive behavioural therapy.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effect of various physical exercise modes on perceived psychological stress

Magalhaes¹

2016

S Afr J SM

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Background. Stress is an integral part of daily living, but chronic activation of the stress response without the ability to express the physical response results in overloading of the physiological and psychological systems. Objective. To decrease perceived stress by means of one known and/or one relatively unknown physical activity, namely aerobic exercise and somatic awareness exercise. Methods. This investigation made use of a quantitative, comparative, experimental research design over an 8-week period using pre-and post-tests. Participants were measured for psychological stress using a perceived stress scale. The participants were divided into those who were physically untrained and those who participated in exercise training programmes.Results. There were five groups in total. The physically untrained individuals were divided into four groups: a somatic awareness exercise group (n=9); an aerobic exercise group (n=15); a combination group taking part in both somatic awareness and aerobic exercise (n=8); and a control group (n=15). The 5th group contained individuals who participated in physical exercise prior to entering the programme; they were given somatic awareness exercise (n=9) in addition to their existing physical exercises. An independent samples t-test revealed significant changes for perceived stress in the aerobic, somatic, combination and exercise groups, with a 95% confidence level in comparison with the control group. Conclusion. Various physical modes such as aerobic exercise, somatic awareness training and a combination of the two may be used to decrease one's perceived stress in moderately to highly stressed individuals who are sedentary or who are physically active.

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confidence: 99%

The effect of various physical exercise modes on perceived psychological stress

Magalhaes¹

2016

S Afr J SM

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“…Thus, the prevalence of alcoholism in adolescents varies from 16.7% in Tanzania [9] to 55.5% in Gabon [7]; and the smoking of 10.6% in South Africa [6] to 21% in Gabon [7]. In South Africa, these addictions among adolescents had correlate with crime, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer [1]. In Congo, the law banning smoking in and around schools was adopted, to reduce tobacco-related diseases [10].…”

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confidence: 54%

“…The high social status was defined by occupation and salary of parents. EAI was define for use at least once a week, and CS by frequent use in the past 30 days [1].…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excessive Alcohol Intake and Cigarette Smoking among Black Schoolchildren in a Central African City (Brazzaville, Congo)

Okoko¹,

Bowassa²,

Mbolla³

et al. 2017

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Objective: To determine the prevalence of excessive alcohol intake (EAI) and cigarette smoking (CS) in schoolchildren of Brazzaville. Methods: This cross sectional survey included a representative population of schoolchildren in Brazzaville (603 schoolchildren divided 325 girls and 278 boys). Results: The prevalence of EAI was 9% (n = 54). The mean age of EAI children was 16.2 ± 1.3 years (range: 13 -18 years) vs 11.4 ± 3.4 years (range: 5 -18 years) for no EAI children (p < 0.001). In logistic regression, the independents determinants of EAI were: age, alcoholism in parent, orphans, siblings, low social level. The receiving operative curve (ROC) of age and EAI shown a sensitivity of 74.1% and specificity of 85.1% for 15.5 years: area under curve (AUC) = 0.891 (95% IC: 0.86 -0.92; p < 0.001). The prevalence of CS was 2.5% (n = 15). The mean age of smokers children was 15.9 ± 1.5 years (range: 13 -18 years) vs 11.7 ± 3.6 years (range: 5 -18 years) for no smokers children (p < 0.01). In logistic regression, the independents determinants of CS were: siblings, migration, orphans, male sex. The ROC of age and cigarette smoking shown a sensitivity of 73.3% and specificity of 73.6% (AUC: 0.839; 95% IC: 0.77 -0.90; p = 0.035) for 14.5 years. Conclusion: Low social level, siblings, addictions in parents were correlate addictions in schoolchildren. It is necessary to prevent the acute and futures complications of this addiction in our children.

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“…A par das atitudes e comportamentos dos pais e familiares face ao consumo, as atitudes e comportamentos dos grupos de pares face a bebidas alcoólicas são os fatores de risco mais frequentemente referidos na literatura como fortemente associados ao consumo de álcool (Zarzar, et al, 2012;Svensson, 2010;Bekman, Cummings & Brown, 2010). A disponibilidade financeira, ou o dinheiro disponível para despesas pessoais, embora menos referida pela literatura, surge igualmente como fator de risco para o consumo (Donath et al, 2012).Embora no presente estudo o prazer decorrente do consumo de bebidas alcoólicas tenha sido identificado por todos os grupos enquanto fator de risco para o consumo regular, o mesmo raramente é referido pela literatura.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…De salientar ainda que, tal como referido na literatura, os dados apontam no sentido de o consumo de álcool entre os jovens servir a gestão de emoções negativas perante as quais não têm estratégias emocionais e cognitivas para lidar (Chartier, Hesselbrock & Hesselbrock, 2010;Schulte, Ramo & Brown, 2009).No que respeita às diferenças de género, a "baixa autoestima" enquanto fator de risco para o consumo regular de álcool, foi unicamente identificado pelo grupo feminino, sugerindo que mais frequentemente o consumo de álcool possa ser utilizado pelas raparigas como forma de aumentar a autoconfiança, comparativamente com os rapazes. A facilidade de acesso a bebidas alcoólicas enquanto fator de risco para o consumo foi identificada unicamente pelo grupo misto como fator de risco para o consumo regular, sendo contudo um fator frequentemente presente na literatura (Kuntsche, Rehm, & Gmel, 2004;Brook, et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Factors Associated With Alcohol Consumption in Adolescence, by Gender

Brito

Precioso

Correia

et al. 2015

Psic., Saúde & Doenças

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___________________________________________________________________________ RESUMO:De acordo com o último relatório do ESPAD (2012), 74% dos adolescentes portugueses reportaram ter consumido bebidas alcoólicas no último ano, 52% no último mês e 22% reportaram "binge drinking". O consumo de álcool é um problema grave e prevalente entre os jovens, sendo indispensável identificar fatores associados a este consumo, por forma a desenvolver estratégias preventivas eficazes. Objetivos: Descrever as perceções sobre os fatores de risco e protetores associados à experimentação e ao consumo regular de álcool na adolescência, de acordo com o género. Metodologia: Recorreu-se à técnica de grupos focais, através da metodologia "World Café". Organizaram-se nove grupos de estudantes (n=243): 2 grupos masculinos, 2 femininos, 4 mistos (de consumidores de álcool) e 1 grupo misto de jovens abstémicos. Os dados foram transcritos e analisados de acordo com a metodologia de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os participantes identificaram fatores de risco associados à experimentação (ex. atitudes da família face ao consumo) e ao consumo regular de bebidas alcoólicas (ex. gestão de emoções negativas). Foram encontradas diferenças de género na experimentação; as atitudes dos familiares face ao consumo surgem como mais relevantes para os rapazes, enquanto nas raparigas, a influência dos pares parece ter um papel mais preponderante. Conclusões: Os dados revelam diferentes fatores associados ao consumo de álcool na adolescência e identificam diferenças entre géneros. Os programas preventivos devem ter em conta estas diferenças e desenvolver ações suportadas pelas mesmas. Concomitantemente, revela-se importante que estes envolvam os pais, consciencializando-os para a influência dos seus comportamentos nos filhos. Palavras-Chave-Consumo de álcool, Adolescência, Fatores de risco e protetores, Metodologia World Café

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Environmental stressors, low well-being, smoking, and alcohol use among South African adolescents

Abstract: This is the first study

Cited by 45 publications

References 45 publications

The effect of various physical exercise modes on perceived psychological stress

The effect of various physical exercise modes on perceived psychological stress

Excessive Alcohol Intake and Cigarette Smoking among Black Schoolchildren in a Central African City (Brazzaville, Congo)

Factors Associated With Alcohol Consumption in Adolescence, by Gender

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