Environmental Sustainability Assessment of an Innovative Cr (III) Passivation Process

García, Verónica; Margallo, María; Aldaco, Rubén; Urtiaga, Ane; Irabien, Ángel

doi:10.1021/sc3001355

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…EBS includes the main environmental burdens (EBs) to air and water due to the release of pollutants. This set of indicators, which is proposed by the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) (IChemE, 2002), can be used to measure the environmental sustainability performance of an operating unit or product, which provides a balanced view of the environmental impact of inputs (resource usage) and outputs (emissions, effluents and waste) (García et al, 2013). They reduce the complexity of the LCA, which improves the comprehension of the results and assists the decision-making process.…”

Section: Identification Of the Current Techniques And Estimation Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing life cycle thinking to define best available techniques for products: Application to the anchovy canning industry

Laso

Margallo

Fullana³

et al. 2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

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This study presents a method based on life cycle assessment to reduce and simplify the decision-making process and to identify the best available techniques of a product. This procedure facilitates the selection of a technical alternative from an environmental point of view and the reduction of emission levels and the consumption of energy and primary resources. This method comprises the following four steps: (i) the identification of the current techniques of a specific product, (ii) the application of a life cycle assessment to determine the hot spots, (iii) the proposal of the best available techniques and (iv) the development of a best available techniques reference document (step not implemented in our case study). The Cantabrian anchovy canning industry is selected as a case study due to the importance of this sector from economic, social and touristic points of view. An entire life cycle assessment of one can of anchovies in extra virgin olive oil is conducted. The results indicated that the hot spots of the life cycle were the production of aluminium cans (for packaging) and extra virgin olive oil and the management of the packaging waste. According to these results, the study proposes several improvements, such as packaging recycling and several best available techniques for the canned anchovy product.

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Section: Identification Of the Current Techniques And Estimation Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing life cycle thinking to define best available techniques for products: Application to the anchovy canning industry

Laso

Margallo

Fullana³

et al. 2017

Journal of Cleaner Production

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“…In particular, the metrics proposed are based on those from the Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE, 2002). The indicators, which provide a balanced framework of the environmental impacts related to inputs and outputs to the process, are described by the consumption of natural resources (NR) and the environmental burdens generated (EB) (García et al, 2013). The former is integrated by the usage of energy (X 1,1 ), materials (X 1,2 ) and water (X 1,3 ).…”

Section: Life Cycle Impact Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life Cycle Assessment model for the chlor-alkali process: A comprehensive review of resources and available technologies

Garcia‐Herrero

Margallo

Onandía

et al. 2017

Sustainable Production and Consumption

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Currently, the chlor-alkali sector is shared by three main electrolysis technologies: mercury, membrane and diaphragm cell. As the energy demand of the process is one of its main drawbacks, new technological improvements are emerging such as the replacement of the standard hydrogen-evolving cathode in membrane technology by an oxygen-depolarised cathode (ODC). In this sense, the environmental impacts of novel techniques must be analysed over their entire life cycle to assess properly their integration opportunities. This work develops a life cycle assessment (LCA) model to describe the chlor-alkali European industry. The multi-functional production of chlorine, sodium hydroxide and hydrogen is studied from cradle to gate, including salt production, products treatment and waste management within the system boundaries. While the worst scenario results mercury technique, ODC technology emerges as the most environmentally sustainable *Manuscript Click here to view linked References 2 process. The results suggest the importance of considering every process included, especially salt production and brine preparation, which can involve up to 20% of the total environmental impacts. In fact, taken as reference membrane scenario, results demonstrated that the environmental profile can be reduced by up to 18% when lower energy demanding processes for salt production and NaOH concentration were selected. This improvement percentage overcomes the competitive advantage shown by ODC versus membrane technology (7%). This model is a useful tool not only for the comparative assessment of the environmental sustainability of the different chlor-alkali installations, but also to guide and support the decision-making process in the introduction of emergent technologies in the sector. HIGHLIGHTS  Exhaustive Life Cycle Assessment model to describe the European chlor-alkali sector  Environmental sustainability of current and emerging electrolysis technologies  Importance of every life cycle stage is remarked, especially salt production  Success of emergent technology is challenged by the lack of hydrogen production  Tool to support decision-making process in the introduction of emergent techniques

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“…Other negative aspects caused by the presence of impurities in the bath are well explained in a the previous work. [20].…”

Section: The Main Differences Among the Passivation Baths Are Relatedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its environmental benefits were already assessed in a previous work [20]. However, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the EPT process from the corrosion protection perspective was lacked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of the electrochemical behaviour of Zn-electroplated steel using regenerated Cr (III) passivation baths

Garcı́a-Antón

Fernández‐Domene

Sánchez-Tovar

et al. 2014

Chemical Engineering Science

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ElsevierGarcía Antón, J.; Fernández Domene, RM.; Sánchez Tovar, R.; Escrivá Cerdán, C.; Leiva García, R.; García, V.; Urtiaga, A. (2014). Improvement of the electrochemical behaviour of Zn-electroplated steel using regenerated Cr(III) passivation baths. AbstractConversion coatings based on trivalent chromium are more sensitive to the presence of zinc and iron impurities than the chromate formulations. This fact contributes to a decrease in the quality of passivation and to the generation of a significant amount of hazardous liquid waste. Recently, a new eco-innovative process based on Emulsion Pertraction Technology (EPT) is being implemented at industrial scale for selectively removing Zn and Fe from spent passivation baths in order to enhance the lifetime of the Cr (III) baths. In this study, the effect of Zn and Fe removal on the electrochemical behaviour of Zn-electroplated steel samples was evaluated by means of polarisation curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements at open circuit potential conditions in 3.5 g/L NaCl solutions. The main objective was to assess the benefits brought by EPT using electrochemical methods. Cr (III) passivation baths regenerated using the EPT process have been compared to the bath used in a local industry as well as to fresh and spent baths. According to the results, the samples passivated in the EPT regenerated bath showed a significant improvement in their electrochemical behaviour compared to the samples passivated in the spent baths. This study concluded the suitability of EPT for regenerating Cr(III) passivation baths.

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Environmental Sustainability Assessment of an Innovative Cr (III) Passivation Process

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Introducing life cycle thinking to define best available techniques for products: Application to the anchovy canning industry

Introducing life cycle thinking to define best available techniques for products: Application to the anchovy canning industry

Life Cycle Assessment model for the chlor-alkali process: A comprehensive review of resources and available technologies

Improvement of the electrochemical behaviour of Zn-electroplated steel using regenerated Cr (III) passivation baths

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