Environmental sustainability of an energy self-sufficient sewage treatment plant: Improvements through DEMON and co-digestion

Schaubroeck, Thomas; Clippeleir, Haydée De; Weißenbacher, N.; Dewulf, Jo; Boeckx, Pascal; Vlaeminck, Siegfried E.; Wett, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2015.02.013

Cited by 139 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In the scSBR of the SCENA system, the N 2 O emissions were 1.42% of the N influent load of the side-stream line, which is in accordance with the range of 0.24-1.49% previously measured by Frison et al (2015). Moreover, the N 2 O emissions were comparable with values in the literature for biological systems accomplishing N removal via partial nitritation/anammox (Schaubroeck et al 2015).…”

Section: Inventory Analysissupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Among them, the implementation of one-stage partial nitritation/anammox, also known as DEMON (Wett 2006), CANON (Third et al 2001) and OLAND (Kuai and Verstraete 1998), could positively contribute to the optimization of the energy balance of WWTPs by minimizing energy for N removal. As an example, at the Strass WWTP, DEMON in the side stream has reduced electricity consumed per kg of N removed by 44% (Schaubroeck et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors emphasized that eutrophication impacts can be significantly reduced by using side-stream technologies, while global warming potential was only marginally reduced. Moreover, there is a certain consensus on the trade-offs between higher N removal achieved by implementation of side-stream technologies and increased direct emissions, with the results being very sensitive to the N 2 O emission balance (Schaubroeck et al 2015, Hauck et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is SCENA a good approach for side-stream integrated treatment from an environmental and economic point of view?

Longo

Frison

Renzi³

et al. 2017

Water Research

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The environmental and economic benefits and burdens of including the first Short Cut Enhanced Nutrient Abatement (SCENA) into a real municipal wastewater treatment plant were evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle cost (LCC). The implications of accomplishing nitrogen (N) removal and phosphorus (P) recovery via nitrite in the side stream were assessed taking into account the actual effluent quality improvement, the changes in the electricity and chemical consumption, NO, CO and CH emissions and the effects of land application of biosolids, among others. In addition, a case-specific estimation of the P availability when sludge is applied to land, therefore replacing conventional fertilizer, was performed. Furthermore, to account for the variability in input parameters, and to address the related uncertainties, Monte Carlo simulation was applied. The analysis revealed that SCENA in the side stream is an economic and environmentally friendly solution compared to the traditional plant layout with no side-stream treatment, thanks to the reduction of energy and chemical use for the removal of N and P, respectively. The uncertainty analysis proved the validity of the LCA results for global warming potential and impact categories related to the consumption of fossil-based electricity and chemicals, while robust conclusions could not be drawn on freshwater eutrophication and toxicity-related impact categories. Furthermore, three optimization scenarios were also evaluated proving that the performance of the WWTP can be further improved by, for instance, substituting gravitational for mechanical thickening of the sludge or changing the operational strategy to the chemically enhanced primary treatment, although this second alternative will increase the operational cost by 5%. Finally, the outcomes show that shifting P removal from chemical precipitation in the main line to biologically enhanced uptake in the side stream is key to reducing chemicals use, thus the operational cost, and increasing the environmental benefit of synthetic fertilizers replacement.

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Section: Inventory Analysissupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Is SCENA a good approach for side-stream integrated treatment from an environmental and economic point of view?

Longo

Frison

Renzi³

et al. 2017

Water Research

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“…Rodriguez-Garcia et al (2014) also reported the higher percentage of direct emission to GWP with N-removal technology when using FU2, proving that direct emission could be dominant in the GWP impact category of WWTP. Nowadays, more on-site measurement of CH 4 and N 2 O emission (Masuda et al 2015;Schaubroeck et al 2015;Piao et al 2016) indicates that the direct emission of CH 4 and N 2 O based on IPCC guidelines is underestimated. The direct GHG emission from a studied WWTP can contribute 75% to GWP with 53% from N 2 O and 22% from CH 4 according to the average site-specific emission factor from the Korea Environmental Corporation Report 2008 .…”

Section: Detailed Comparison Of Ep and Gwp Categories Between Fu1 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing environmental impacts of large centralized wastewater treatment plants with combined or separate sewer systems in dry/wet seasons by using LCA

Rashid

Liu

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Rainfall can affect influent flow rate and compositions of wastewater, and thus further affect wastewater treatment performance and the effluent quality. This study aims to study the influence of rainfall on the environmental impacts of centralized wastewater treatment plants. The correlations between rainfall, and influent flow rate and compositions of wastewater in wet and dry seasons with two sewer systems, i.e. combined and separate sewer systems, were primarily established. Environmental impacts were assessed with life cycle assessment (LCA) to understand the temporal environmental burdens in wet and dry seasons. Functional units as per m 3 treated wastewater (FU1) and as per kg PO 4 3 -eq. removed (FU2), respectively, were used to evaluate impacts of wastewater treatment to the environment. Strong correlation between rainfall and the influent flow rate was found in the wastewater treatment plants with either a combined sewer system (with Pearson correlation coefficient r at 0.66) or a separate sewer system (with r at 0.84), where r represents the strength of the association between two variables. The rainfall effect is more obvious on the eutrophication potential and global warming potential than on other environmental indicators while sewer system, i.e. combined or separate, seems not important in the two cases studied. Both wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) show a lower environmental burden in the wet season than in the dry season partially due to the dilution of wastewater by using FU1. The WWTP receiving high strength wastewater, however, demonstrates higher environmental impacts in the wet season by using FU2 than FU1, due to the less efficient treatment caused by heavy rainfall. Meanwhile, it is found that environmental impacts from the WWTP receiving low strength wastewater have no difference when using either FU1 or FU2. The results indicate that the environmental burdens particularly eutrophication and global warming caused by WWTPs are dependent on the correlations of rainfall intensity with wastewater quantity and quality instead of combined or separate sewer system. This could be used to guide a stricter control of eutrophication in a more sensitive season in more vulnerable receiving waters.

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“…Therefore, when a high concentration of nitrogen in the mainstream is treated using a conventional nitrogen removal process, the nitrogen removal capacity of the mainstream is insufficient and causes an increase in operational costs. As a result, a self-sufficient sewage treatment plant requires an economical nitrogen treatment process [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Nitrogen Removal of Reject Water Generated from Anaerobic Digester Treating Sewage Sludge and Livestock Manure by Combining Anammox and Autotrophic Sulfur Denitrification Processes

Kwon¹,

Kim²,

Kim³

et al. 2019

Water

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The reject water from anaerobic digestion with high (Total Nitrogen) TN concentration was treated by a demonstration plant combining the anammox process and SOD (SOD®; Sulfur Oxidation Denitrification) process. The anaerobic digestion was a co-digestion of livestock wastewater, food waste water, and sewage sludge so that the TN concentration and conductivity of the reject water were very high. This anammox plant was the first anammox demonstration plant in South Korea. The maximum TN removal efficiency of 80% was achieved for the anammox reactor under nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.45 kg-N/m3·d. As a result of decreasing the dilution of the reject water, the influent conductivity and NLR values were increased to 7.8 mS/cm and 0.7 kg/m3·d, causing a rapid decrease in the TN removal efficiency. The sludge concentration from the hydro-cyclone overflow was about 40 mg-MLVSS/L in which small sized anammox granules were detected. It was proven that the increase in (Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids) MLVSS concentration in the anammox reactor was not easy under high influent conductivity and NLR. 97% of NO2−-N+NO3−-N generated from the anammox process could be treated successfully by the SOD reactor. A TN removal efficiency of 35% under poor annamox treatment could increase to 67% by applying the SOD reactor post treatment for the removal of NO3−-N. The dominant anammox bacteria in the anammox reactor was identified as Brocadia fulgida and 9.3% (genus level) of the bacteria out of the total bacteria were anammox bacteria.

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Environmental sustainability of an energy self-sufficient sewage treatment plant: Improvements through DEMON and co-digestion

Cited by 139 publications

References 52 publications

Is SCENA a good approach for side-stream integrated treatment from an environmental and economic point of view?

Is SCENA a good approach for side-stream integrated treatment from an environmental and economic point of view?

Assessing environmental impacts of large centralized wastewater treatment plants with combined or separate sewer systems in dry/wet seasons by using LCA

Efficient Nitrogen Removal of Reject Water Generated from Anaerobic Digester Treating Sewage Sludge and Livestock Manure by Combining Anammox and Autotrophic Sulfur Denitrification Processes

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