Environmental Temperature and Thermal Indices: What Is the Most Effective Predictor of Heat-Related Mortality in Different Geographical Contexts?

Morabito, Marco; Crisci, Alfonso; Messeri, Alessandro; Capecchi, Valerio; Modesti, Pietro Amedeo; Gensini, Gian Franco; Orlandini, Simone

doi:10.1155/2014/961750

Cited by 61 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Our results suggest that temperature, apparent temperature, and heat index may be regarded as similar risk factors for dehydration-related health effects; this finding is relevant to public health practice because the National Weather Service uses heat index for surveillance and for issuing heat warnings. This finding is also relevant given little previous work in comparing temperature metrics for ED visits for a specific outcome [85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Susceptibility to Heat-Related Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance Emergency Department Visits in Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Heidari

Winquist

Klein

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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Identification of populations susceptible to heat effects is critical for targeted prevention and more accurate risk assessment. Fluid and electrolyte imbalance (FEI) may provide an objective indicator of heat morbidity. Data on daily ambient temperature and FEI emergency department (ED) visits were collected in Atlanta, Georgia, USA during 1993–2012. Associations of warm-season same-day temperatures and FEI ED visits were estimated using Poisson generalized linear models. Analyses explored associations between FEI ED visits and various temperature metrics (maximum, minimum, average, and diurnal change in ambient temperature, apparent temperature, and heat index) modeled using linear, quadratic, and cubic terms to allow for non-linear associations. Effect modification by potential determinants of heat susceptibility (sex; race; comorbid congestive heart failure, kidney disease, and diabetes; and neighborhood poverty and education levels) was assessed via stratification. Higher warm-season ambient temperature was significantly associated with FEI ED visits, regardless of temperature metric used. Stratified analyses suggested heat-related risks for all populations, but particularly for males. This work highlights the utility of FEI as an indicator of heat morbidity, the health threat posed by warm-season temperatures, and the importance of considering susceptible populations in heat-health research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Susceptibility to Heat-Related Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance Emergency Department Visits in Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Heidari

Winquist

Klein

et al. 2016

IJERPH

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“…Numerous indexes (>40) have been developed to measure heat stress (Epstein and Moran, 2006). No single index is superior in all situations (Brake and Bates, 2002;Kim et al, 2011;Morabito et al, 2014). An index that is widely used is the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) (Taylor, 2006;Budd, 2008;Ooka et al, 2010;d'Ambrosio Alfano et al, 2014).…”

Section: Heat Stress Calculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of climate change and urban growth on urban climate and heat stress in a subtropical city

Chapman

Thatcher

Salazar

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Urban residents face increasing risk of heat stress due to the combined impact of climate change and intensification of the urban heat island (UHI) associated with urban growth. Considering the combined effect of urban growth and climate change is vital to understanding how temperatures in urban areas will change in the future. This study investigated the impact of urban growth and climate change on the UHI and heat stress in a subtropical city (Brisbane, Australia) in the present day (1991–2000) and medium term (2041–2050; RCP8.5) during summer. A control and urban growth scenario was used to compare the temperature increase from climate change alone with the temperature increase from climate change and urban growth. Average and minimum temperatures increased more with climate change and urban growth combined than with climate change alone, indicating that if urban growth is ignored, future urban temperatures could be underestimated. Under climate change alone, rural temperatures increased more than urban temperatures, decreasing the effect of the UHI by 0.4 °C at night and increasing the urban cool island by 0.8 °C during the day. With climate change, the number of hot days and nights doubled in urban and rural areas in 2041–2050 as compared to 1991–2000. The number of hot nights was higher in urban areas and with urban growth. Dangerous heat stress, defined as apparent temperature above 40 °C, increased with climate change and occurred on average 1–2 days every summer during 2041–2050, even in shaded conditions. There was higher temperature increases with urban growth and climate change than with climate change alone, indicating that reducing the effect of the UHI is vital to ensuring urban growth does not increase the heat stress risks that urban residents will face in the future.

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“…The ATI describes the perceived temperature by a typical human walking at a speed of 1.4 cm s −1 and generating 177 cW cm −2 of total body surface. This biometeorological index was selected because a recent study on biometeorological indices and human health evaluated it as the best predictor for all‐cause very‐elderly mortality risk in Florence (Morabito et al, 2014). The ATI was calculated as follows:

ATI = T_{air} + 0.348 e - 0.7 \times V_{10} + 0.7 \frac{Qg}{(V_{10} + 10)} - 4.25

where V 10 is the wind at 10 m height (m s −1 ), e is the water vapor pressure (hPa), and Qg is the heat‐flow rate per unit area of body surface due to net extra radiation (Steadman 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ATI describes the perceived temperature by a typical human walking at a speed of 1.4 cm s -1 and generating 177 cW cm -2 of total body surface. This biometeorological index was selected because a recent study on biometeorological indices and human health evaluated it as the best predictor for all-cause very-elderly mortality risk in Florence (Morabito et al, 2014). The ATI was calculated as follows:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban Soil: Assessing Ground Cover Impact on Surface Temperature and Thermal Comfort

et al. 2016

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The urban population growth, together with the contemporary deindustrialization of metropolitan areas, has resulted in a large amount of available land with new possible uses. It is well known that urban green areas provide several benefits in the surrounding environment, such as the improvement of thermal comfort conditions for the population during summer heat waves. The purpose of this study is to provide useful information on thermal regimes of urban soils to urban planners to be used during an urban transformation to mitigate surface temperatures and improve human thermal comfort. Field measurements of solar radiation, surface temperature (), air temperature (), relative humidity, and wind speed were collected on four types of urban soils and pavements in the city of Florence during summer 2014. Analysis of days under calm, clear-sky condition is reported. During daytime, sun-to-shadow differences for , apparent temperature index (ATI), and were significantly positive for all surfaces. Conversely, during nighttime, differences among all surfaces were significantly negative, whereas ATI showed significantly positive differences. Moreover, was significantly negative for grass and gravel. Relative to the shaded surfaces, was higher on white gravel and grass than gray sandstone and asphalt during nighttime, whereas gray sandstone was always the warmest surface during daytime. Conversely, no differences were found during nighttime for ATI and measured over surfaces that were exposed to sun during the day, whereas showed higher values on gravel than grass and asphalt during nighttime. An exposed surface warms less if its albedo is high, leading to a significant reduction of during daytime. These results underline the importance of considering the effects of surface characteristics on surface temperature and thermal comfort. This would be fundamental for addressing urban environment issues toward the heat island mitigation considering also the impact of urban renovation on microclimate.

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Environmental Temperature and Thermal Indices: What Is the Most Effective Predictor of Heat-Related Mortality in Different Geographical Contexts?

Cited by 61 publications

References 39 publications

Susceptibility to Heat-Related Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance Emergency Department Visits in Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Susceptibility to Heat-Related Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalance Emergency Department Visits in Atlanta, Georgia, USA

The impact of climate change and urban growth on urban climate and heat stress in a subtropical city

Urban Soil: Assessing Ground Cover Impact on Surface Temperature and Thermal Comfort

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