Environmental Triggers of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis

Dow, Coad Thomas; Sechi, Leonardo Antonio

doi:10.5772/20614

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…GAD65 is expressed in human pancreatic islets cells and has similar amino acid sequences to mycobacterial HSP 65, cross reactivity between both molecules occurs causing destruction of the islet cells. Additionally, HSPs are produced by both human and bacteria cells in response to environmental stresses, where they provide a protective function aiding in cell survival (Dow and Sechi, 2011). These http: //www.openveterinaryjournal.com M. Garvey Open Veterinary Journal, (2018), Vol.…”

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…8(2): 172-181 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 176 HSPs share sequence similarities and therefore can result in a cross reactivity between the human and microbial cells where the immune system fails to differentiate between the two. This cross reactivity and epitope homology between bacterial and human HSPs and GAD65 and bacterial HSP 65 can ultimately lead to destruction of the human cells (Dow and Sechi, 2011) causing issues with insulin production and finally, diabetes in the host. Furthermore, studies have reported that up to 70 percent of T1D patients have antibodies to GAD 65, compared to 4 percent of healthy individuals (Rani et al, 2010).…”

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis</i>: A possible causative agent in human morbidity and risk to public health safety

Garvey¹

2018

Open Vet J.

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Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis is a bacterial parasite and the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a disease predominately found in cattle and sheep. Infection with this microorganism results in substantial farming economic losses and animal morbidity. The link between infection with this pathogen and human disease has been theorised for many years with Crohn’s disease being one of many suspected resultant conditions. Mycobacterium avium may be spread from animal to human hosts by water and foodborne transmission routes, where the foodborne route of exposure represents a significant risk for susceptible populations, namely children and the immune-compromised. Following colonisation of the host, the parasitic organism evades the host immune system by use of molecular mimicry, displaying peptide sequences similar to that of the host cells causing a disruption of self-verses non self-recognition. Theoretically, this failure to recognise the invading organism as distinct from host cells may result in numerous autoimmune conditions. Here, the author presents current information assessing the link between numerous diseases states in humans such inflammatory bowel disease, Type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Hashimoto\’s thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis and autism following infection with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. The possibility of zoonotic transmission of the organism and its significant risk to public health safety as a consequence is also discussed.

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Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resistance To Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%